The present report deals with aspects on peatland classification. Peatlands in South Sweden are classified partly as to surface morphology and partly as to stratigraphy and development. Two main categories of peatland are discussed: ombrotrophic peatland (rain-water conditioned) and minerotrophic peatland (supplied with mineral soil water). Each category exhibits types related to differences in hydrotopography, water movements, geomorphology etc. The basal part in the stratigraphy of peatlands makes it plain that peatlands may be developed by paludification of mineral soil, terrestrialization of lakes, and, as to ombrotrophic peatlands, by ombrotrophication upon peat strata. The regional distribution in South Sweden of peatland types distinguished is reviewed in broad outlines.