The asphaltene fraction of crude oil contains a variety of acidic and basic functional groups. During oil production and transportation, changes in temperature, pressure or oil composition can cause asphaltenes to precipitate out crude oil through the flocculation among these polar functional groups. In this study, two types of oil-soluble polymers, dodecylphenolic resin and poly (octadecene maleic anhydride), were synthesized and used to prevent asphaltenes from flocculating in heptane media through the acid-base interactions with asphaltenes. The experimental results indicate that these polymers can associate with asphaltenes to either inhibit or delay the growth of asphaltene aggregates in alkane media. However, multiple polar groups on a polymer molecule make it possible to associate with more than one asphaltene molecule, resulting in the hetero-coagulation between asphaltenes and polymers. It was found that the size of the asphaltene-polymer aggregates was strongly affected by the polymer-to-asphaltene weight (or number) ratio. At low polymer-to-asphaltene weight ratios, asphaltenes keep flocculating with themselves and with polymers until the floes precipitate out of solution. On the other hand, at high polymer-to-asphaltene weight ratios, asphaltene-polymer aggregates peptized by the extra polymer molecules can remain fairly stable in the solution.