The distribution and taxonomy of the MascareneRhantusare reviewed.Rhantus socialis(Waterhouse) andR. phoecaenarumGuignot are endemic to Rodriguez and La Réunion, respectively. The third Mascarene Rhantus isR. vinsonisp.n. from Mauritius. A lectotype is designated forR. socialis.Important features are illustrated for all of these species. MascareneRhantusare very probably of Ethiopian origin. The biology ofR. socialisandR. vinsoniis unknown;R. phoecaenarumof La Réunion is considered to be restricted to higher elevations (above 2000 m a.s.l.).