ObjectiveIn previous serum thyroid studies, we reported an unusual thyroid profile, including elevated levels of total and free triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) with no elevations in free T4and thyrotropin (TSH) in Vietnam veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to control subjects. In a subsample of Vietnam veterans, we found a significant positive correlation between total T3, free T3, and PTSD symptoms, specifically hyperarousal symptoms. In the present study, we explored the generalizability of our findings to World War II (WWII) veterans with PTSD.MethodClinical symptoms were assessed in and serum thyroid measures were obtained from 12 WWII veterans with PTSD and 18 WWII veterans without PTSD.ResultsWWII veterans with combat-related PTSD showed elevations of serum total and free T3with no elevations of free T4and TSH compared to control subjects, replicating the results of our previous studies. A significant positive relationship between total and free T3and PTSD symptoms, specifically hyperarousal symptoms, was also replicated in the total WWII group. Elevations of total T4and TBG were not replicated in the WWII group with PTSD, which may indicate a shift with age in the free/bound dynamics of the thyroid alterations observed.ConclusionsThis study supports the observation that the thyroid system is altered in chronic combat-related PTSD. The observed alterations of thyroid function along with PTSD symptoms appear to be chronic, detectable 50 years after the war.