AbstractThe critical temperature, Tc, for all presently known superconductors does not exceed 21'K. This fact obviously limits the range of applications of superconductivity in technology in a very fundamental way. On the whole, the reason why the value of Tc for “ordinary” superconductors would not exceed 20‐40oK is fairly well understood. At the same time, there apparently could exist high temperature superconductors for which Tc would reach liquid air temperature or even room temperatures. Possible means of producing high temperature superconductors are considered in this article which is based on the review published inContemporary Physics, 9, 355 (1968), but includes also some new material. Special attention is paid to what can be called the exciton mechanism of superconductivity and its application to systems of the “sandwich” type and metallic conductors with layer s