iv SUMMARIES 01; I’AI’EKS I N THIS ISSUE [April, 1966Summaries of Papers in this IssueAn Automatic Apparatus for the Determination of TitaniumA method is described for the determination of titanium in solution.The titanium is reduced with cadmium in a column-type reductor and titratedwith ferric alum solution to a potentiometric end-point. The determinationis carried out automatically once the sample solution has been placed inthe instrument, and the result is obtained in approximately 7 minutes.Results are given demonstrating the excellent precision obtainable withthe instrument.C. L. DENTON and J. WHITEHEADBritish Titan Products Company, Ltd., Billingham, Co. Durham.Analyst, 1966, 91, 224-236.The Polarographic Determination of Lead afterCation-exchange SeparationFrom M hydrofluoric acid solution, lead, cobalt, copper(II), nianganese(II),nickel and a small part of chromium(II1) are strongly adsorbed on a column ofstrongly acidic cation-exchange resin in the hydrogen form, while otherelements present in steel are either not adsorbed or only weakly adsorbed, andare removed from the column on washing it with M hydrofluoric acid.On elution with 2 M hydrochloric acid, the lead is removed from thecolumn and determined by d.c.polarography. This method is applied to thedetermination of lead (>0.01 per cent.) in steels.A. G. HAMZA and J. B. HEADRIDGEDepartment of Chemistry, The University, Shcfield 10.Analyst, 1966, 91, 237-240.The Determination of Sodium in Aluminium Alloys by FlameSpectrophotometry with Fuel-rich Flames to Reduce InterferenceThe determination of trace quantities of sodium in aluminium alloysby flame spectrophotometry offers a rapid and accurate control procedure.When conventional flames with a balanced fuel - air mixture are used,molecular oxide band spectra of iron and manganese are strongly excited,and interfere with the measurement of the sodium emission.The interferenceis much less in fuel-rich flames while the sensitivity to sodium is slightlyincreased. The use of fuel-rich flames therefore provides a more versatileand accurate method than those hitherto used. As in most methods forthe determination of sodium it is advantageous to add lithium as an internalstandard to compensate for minor variations in conditions. The results areof general application to the analysis of other materials which may containiron and manganese, and possibly nickel and chromium.R. A.HINE, R. CRAWFORD, J. E. DEUTSCHMAN and P. J. TIPTONAluminium Company of Canada, Ltd., Arvida, Quebec, Canada.Analyst, 1966, 91, 241-246.The Determination of Water in Lubricating Oils by aNear-infrared Spectrophotometric MethodThe water content of clear mineral oils can be quickly and accuratelydetermined by dissolving the wet oil in ethyl acetate and measuring thenear-infrared absorbance of the solution, relative to a similar referencesolution previously dried by molecular sieves. In discoloured or cloudy, wetoils the water can be removed by azeotropic distillation with ethyl acetate,and the water content of the distillate determined spectroscopically.Withthe latter procedure, errors that arise a t low water concentrations may bedue to the absorption of atmospheric moisture by the solvent.B. D. PEARSONDerby and District College of Technology, Derby.Analyst, 1966, 91, 247-260Vi SUMMARIES OF PAPERS I N THIS ISSUE [April, 1966The Determination of Residual Anionic Surface- active Reagentsin Mineral Flotation LiquorsA method is described for the determination of residual amounts ofanionic surface-active reagents, used as flotation promoters, in mineralflotation liquors. The method is equally effective for the long carbon chaincarboxylates and the anionic non-soapy surface-active agents. The reagentused is the cationic copper(I1) triethylenetetramine complex, which reacts inalkaline solution with anionic surface-active agents to give an adduct thatcan be extracted into an isobutanol - cyclohexane mixture.The copper asso-ciated with the surface-active anion in the extract is determined photo-metrically as the coloured complex using diethylammonium diethyldithio-carbamate. Long chain carboxylates with carbon numbers from C,, to C221 aswell as anionic non-soapy surface-active reagents, can be determined in therange 0.2 to 10 p.p.m. The effect of a number of likely interferences hasbeen investigated.G. R. E. C. GREGORYWarren Spring Laboratory, Stevenage, Herts.Analyst, 1966, 91, 251-257.Polarographic Determination of Arsenic in SteelA method for the polarographic determination of arsenic in steel isdescribed.It consists of the reduction of arsenic(v) to arsenic(II1) in 9 . 5 ~hydrochloric acid solution by means of potassium iodide in the presence ofascorbic acid, and of the extraction of arsenic(II1) with chloroform. Arsenicis then re-extracted from chloroform with 0.2 M ascorbic acid and determinedpolarographically with the same ascorbic acid solution as supporting electrolyte.The method was checked on NBS steel standards and synthetic mixtures.Arsenic contents greater than 0.01 per cent. can thus be determined easilywithout concentrating in the re-extraction step.MILENKO V. sU8IC and MILJAN G. PJESCICDepartment of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Belgrade]Yugoslavia.Analyst, 1966, 91, 258-260.A Simple Chromatographic Method for Determining the BasicAmino- acids in Protein HydrolysatesA new micro method utilising charcoal chromatography has been de-veloped for the determination of the individual basic amino-acids in proteinhydrolysates.It is based on the fact that both the aromatic amino-acidsand basic amino-acid picrates are strongly adsorbed by active-charcoalcolumns, and that the latter can be freed from the aromatic amino-acids bytreatment of the adsorbent with aqueous ethyl acetate solution. The separa-tion of the individual basic amino-acids depends on differential decompositionof their picrates on the columns by various eluents. The method can beused for the determination of histidine in the presence of other imidazolederivatives.AHMED S .M. SELIM and NAG1 N. MESSIHADepartment of Biochemistry, Abbassia Faculty of Medicine, Abbassia, Cairo, U.A.R.Analyst, 1966, 91, 261-267...Vlll SUMMARIES OF PAPERS I N THIS ISSUEThe Micro Determination of Cyanide: Its Application to theAnalysis of Whole BloodAn introduction to the existing methods for the analysis of cyanide isgiven and some of the limitations to the methods are pointed out.A modification of the Epstein method is described, in which Cavett blood-alcohol flasks are used. This method can be applied to small samples of 2 mlvolume containing 0.2,ug of cyanide. By strict control of the conditions itis shown that a high degree of accuracy can be achieved. Interference byheavy metal ions is avoided by using 2 mg of the disodium salt of EDTAper ml of blood.It is therefore suggested that this anti-coagulant shouldbe used when the blood is collected. Experiments on the partition of cyanidein whole blood showed that 5 minutes’ exposure resulted in more than70 per cent. of cyanide being bound to haemoglobin. This value remainedunchanged in the presence of a transport inhibitor.S. BAARM.R.C. Industrial Injuries and Burns Research Unit, Birmingham Accident Hospital,I h t h Row, Birmingham, 15.Analyst, 19G6, 91, 268-272.[April, 1966Determination of Particulate Matter in Intravenous FluidsMethods for the examination of intravenous solutions for suspendedparticles have been investigated. A visual inspection method has beendevised, which enables samples to be graded by comparison with referencematerials.For quantitative work, techniques for particle-size analysis witha Coulter Counter have been developed. ,4 survey of all the solutions com-mercially available in Australia has been made, and limits for the acceptanceof such solutions have been proposed.I. VESSEY and C. E. KENDALLNational Biological Standards Laboratory, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia.Analyst, 1966, 91, 273-279.The Amperometric Titration of Submillinormal Concentrationsof Iodine with Mercury(1) PerchlorateShort PaperJOHN T. STOCKDepartment of Chemistry, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut,U.S.A.Analyst, 1966, 91, 280-282.Replacement of Benzidine by Copper Ethylacetoacetate and TetraRase as Spot-test Reagent for Hydrogen Cyanide and CyanogenShovt PaperF.FEIGLLaboratorio da ProduEBo Mineral, Ministerio das Minas e Energia, Rio de Janeiro.and V. ANGERResearch Laboratory, Lobachemie, Vienna.Analyst, 1966, 91, 282-284.A Projection Method for Inspection of AmpoulesShort PaperC. E. KENDALLNational Biological Standards Laboratory, Canberra, A.C.T., Australia.Analyst, 1966, 91, 284-285x SUMMARIES OF PAPERS IN THIS ISSUE [April, 1966The Determination of Water in Beryllium OxideShort PaperL. E. SMYTHE and T. L. WHATELEYAustralian Atomic Energy Commission Research Establishment, Sydney, N.S. W.,Australia.Analyst, 1966, 91, 285-287.The Determination of Quinizarin in Hydrocarbon OilShort PaperK.IFIELD and E. W. GODLYMinistry of Technology, Laboratory of the Government Chemist, Cornwall House,Stamford Street, London, S.E. 1.Analyst, 1966, 91, 287-289.The Effect of Particle Size on Back-scattered X-ray CorrectionMethods in On-stream X-ray Fluorescence AnalysisShort PaperK. G. CARR-BRIONWarren Spring Laboratory, Stevenage, Herts.Analyst, 1966, 91, 289-290.Interference from Silica in Phosphate AnalysisShort PaperA. HENRIKSENThe Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Oslo 3, Norway.Analyst, 1966, 91, 290-291.The Collection of Fractions Separated by Gas - LiquidChromatographyShort PaperM. D. D. HOWLETT and D. WELT1Unilever Research Laboratory, Colworth House, Sharnbrook, Bedford.Analyst, 1966, 91, 291-293