To investigate relationships between serum lipid profiles, milk consumption and lifestyle, in a Japanese population.A cross-sectional study in 12,610 Japanese men aged 30 to 69 years. Serum total-cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDLC), LDL-cholesterol (LDLC), TC/HDLC ratio, and triglycerides (TG) were determined. Milk consumption was classified into“Yes”(3553 men) and“No”(9057 men) groups by a self-administered questionnaire“Do you drink a glass of cow's milk (180 to 200 mL) or more everyday?”. Five variables (age, body mass index, habitual exercise, and smoking and drinking habits) were considered confounding factors for the serum lipids.Regardless of age, the“Yes”group had higher levels of serum TC, HDLC and LDLC than the“No”group except for one comparison (HDLC in 50 to 54 year old group). The differences in serum TC (p<0.001), HDLC (p<0.001) and LDLC (p<0.001) between the two groups were significant by ANOVA. However, milk consumption had no significant relations to serum TC/HDLC ratio or TG level. Multivariate models including the five confounding factors confirmed these results, and indicated that the“Yes”group had higher adjusted means of serum TC by 0.079 mmol/L (+1.5%, 5.280 vs. 5.201 mmol/L, p<0.001), HDLC by 0.018 mmol/L (+1.4%, 1.260 vs. 1.242 mmol/L, p<0.01), and LDLC by 0.066 mmol/L (+2.0%, 3.382 vs. 3.316 mmol/L, p<0.001) than the“No”group.Milk consumption is part of a lifestyle related to hypercholesterolemia in the Japanese.