A dietary and nutritional survey of Taiwan aborigines, Atayals and Paiwans, as a follow-up study, and as a new survey on Yamis who live on an off-shore island, has been carried out recently. Great improvements in the nutritional status of the first two tribes during the last 15 years were observed. They may be attributed to a series of socio-economic reforms including education, sanitation, agriculture, and employment. The nutrient intake of the Atayals and the Paiwans appeared to be sufficient, except for riboflavin and niacin. This was indicated by a better physical growth in school children than ever before particularly at ages 11 and 12 for boys and girls alike. Their average heights and weights were all within the range of 91-95 and 78-87 % of the Iowa Standard, respectively. The nutritional status of Paiwans was better than that of Atayals. Though they are still living in a rather primitive life, Yamis showed a better supply in various nutrients than the other two tribes as a result of a high fish intake. There was almost no difference in physical growth of Yami children in comparison with the other tribes. Traditionally, Yami adults accept no other vegetables than taro and sweet potatoes. Raw fish livers and eyeballs are consumed in fair amounts as delicacies. Because of the topographic limitation of the small island and the traditional way of living of the Yamis, the authors have commented on the interrelationship between population growth and local food supply in the foreseeable future. The effects of the various programs implemented on the nutritional status of these people are discussed.