AbstractSeven early gastric cancers obtained from patients also demonstrating Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐positive gastric medullary carcinoma with lymphoid infiltration were investigated using a combined polymerase chain reaction (PCR) andin situhybridization (ISH) approach. Sharing the same background mucosa as gastric medullary cancers, they comprised four intramucosal carcinomas, predominantly well‐differentiated adenocarcinomas, and three submucosal carcinomas, histologically showing mixtures of well and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. In the three cases of submucosal carcinoma, the presence of EBV was proven by means of both PCR and ISH. However, not all cancer cells were positive for EBV on the basis of ISH examination, in contrast to the large series of gastric carcinoma with lymphoid infiltration previously investigated. All four mucosal carcinomas were EBV‐negative. Lymphocyte‐determined membrane antigen (LYDMA) monoclonality, performed by PCR, and latent membrane protein‐1 (LMP‐1) and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBNA2) expression, assessed immunohistochemically, were negative in all seven cases. The results suggest that EBV becomes associated with gastric medullary carcinoma with lymphoid infiltration (GMCL) at a relatively early stage of the disease, shortly after the tumour has initially progressed to an invasive form, and plays some role in the manife