SummaryIn the pediatric clinic of Ghent University, during a period from May 1956 till December 1961, Salmonella’s have been isolated from the stools of 315 children, including 192 infants.Altogether, 25 different types have been identified; more than 50 % of them belonged to the serologic group B with predominantlyS. typhimurium.No definite influence of the season has been noticed.Most of the children came from cities and towns in the Flanders; 62%came straight from home, 25 % were contaminated in the hospital and 13 % came from the obstetrical wards. Also among nursing Staff, there were healthy and sick carriers.In some of the cases, contamination by infected food was very likely.The 315 children with positive coprocultures included 46 carriers; the other 269 presented different clinical symptoms, mainly gastro-intestinal disturbances. The course of these cases was more or less serious. We were impressed by the chronic course in 20 children. In 16 others, the infection was not limited to the intestines but spread to the meninges, middle ear, urinary tract, and probably to the lungs.About 30 children had no diarrhea during their infection. Among them were 6 children with a thyphoid syndrome; 2 had a generalized salmonellosis with fatal outcome; 3 infants presented vomiting as main symptom; 1 girl had an urinary tract salmonella infection; finally, a group of 8 children had several nonspecific symptoms.The mortality reached 5,2 % and was highest in the very young infants. Whenever an antibiotic was necessary, chloramphenicol was administered (50 mg per kilogram daily) during an average period of 8 days, in combination with myco- statine 500.000 U. per day.