This study explores the extent to which gender is a factor in the adoption of a set of conservation practices in an area of Kenya that is experiencing increased population density. The findings from a comparison of male and female farm household heads reveal that female‐headed households have slightly higher levels of adoption on several conservation practices. The comparison also shows gender differences on farm and other farm operator characteristics, experience with environmental problems, and perceptions of environmental and agricultural conditions. A regression analysis explores the relative importance of several factors, including gender, to adoption of conservation practices. Although gender itself was not shown to be a significant explanatory factor in predicting adoption, the results of separate analyses suggest that male‐female differences in adoption are shaped by different environmental conditions and experiences.