Somatic chromosomes obtained from corneal squash preparations of nine species representing four genera of the anuran family Leptodactylidae were analyzed and compared. Batrachyla leptopus, Crossodactylus gaudichaudii, Cyclorhamphus fuliginosus, Eupsophus coppingeri, E. taeniatus and Thoropa miliaris were found to possess 26 chromosomes (n = 13). E. roseus has 30 chromosomes (n = 15), E. vertebralis has 28 chromosomes (n = 14) and E. nodosus has 22 chromosomes (n = 11). The karyotypes of some species of Eupsophus are more similar intergenerically than intragenerically. This suggests that Eupsophus is an unnatural assemblage of species. Characters previously used to delimit genera of leptodactylid frogs are criticized.