Twenty species belonging to the six genera of Monimiaceae from the Malagasy region (southwest Indian Ocean) are examined and described palynologically. Phylogenetic relationships of the genera are discussed. Pollen morphological evidence is supportive of existing floral morphological and anatomical evidence and suggests the following conclusions: 1),Monimia(Monimioideae sensu Thorne) is not closely allied to the other five genera in the region (all Mollinedioideae sensu Thorne); 2)EphippiandraandHedycaryopsisappear to be more closely allied to each other than to the remaining genera; 3),Tambourissapollen displays a wide range of exine patterns which readily accomodates the pattern found inPhanerogonocarpus. Thus, pollen morphological evidence fails to support the continued generic segregation ofHedycaryopsisfromEphippiandra, and ofPhanerogonocarpusfromTambourissa.