Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE) encompass a pattern of birth defects in persons whose mother ingested alcohol during pregnancy. Persons with FAE display fewer of the FAS traits. The hallmarks of FAS are pre-and postnatal growth retardation, central nervous system dysfunction, and characteristic facial dysmorphology. However, Its effects can be multi-systemic—encompassing the cardiac, skeletal, and muscular systems, as well as presenting as lack of coordination, hyper-activity, diminished or distorted sense of danger, and lack of ability to function as an independent adult. The frequent incidence of this constellation of symptoms has a far-reaching impact (familial, medical, educational, and societal) because a myriad of professionals and large amounts of funding are used to help manage FAS/FAE children and adults. This article identifies, for a primary care provider, the essential characteristics of FAS/FAE and discusses available management options. Early diagnosis and continued education are advantageous at all levels, benefiting the Individual and all of society.