Parasitoids of the Western Tentiform Leafminer,Phyllonorycter elmaella(Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), in Utah Apple Orchards
作者:
Bruce A. Barrett,
Clive D. Jorgensen,
期刊:
Environmental Entomology
(OUP Available online 1986)
卷期:
Volume 15,
issue 3
页码: 635-641
ISSN:0046-225X
年代: 1986
DOI:10.1093/ee/15.3.635
出版商: Oxford University Press
数据来源: OUP
摘要:
Phyllonorycter elmaellaDoganlar&Mutuura was sampled in 1983 from Utah apple orchards that had different spray programs andP. elmaellapopulation histories.P. elmaellais multivoltine in Utah. Percent parasitism increased from the first to the third generations of fourth and fifth larval instars, then dropped in the overwintering (OW) generation. Dominant parasitoids wereSympiesis marylandensisGirault inP. elmaellagenerations one and three, andPnigalio flavipes(Ashmead) in the second and OW generations. The parasitoid complex in Utah included six species, and all were ectoparasitic. All parasitoid species were found in the OW generation ofP. elmaella.
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