OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:AlthoughPropionibacterium acnesis a common inhabitant of human skin, it is an uncommon pathogen in postoperative infections. We report three cases of postoperative wound infection/osteomyelitis caused byP. acnes.CLINICAL PRESENTATION:Three patients underwent craniotomy for a supratentorial meningioma and had a dural allograft at the time of closure. The patients presented several weeks after surgery with clinical evidence of a wound infection.INTERVENTION:All patients were diagnosed withP. acnesinfection and treated for this pathogen with appropriate antibiotics. The bone flap was removed in two patients. After antibiotic therapy, all patients demonstrated no further evidence of infection.CONCLUSION:To our knowledge, this is the first published report ofP. acnesinfection in patients with a dural substitute. The source of infection cannot be confidently ascertained; however, two patients had strains ofP. acnesfrom one brand of graft, which were indistinguishable by pulsed field gel electrophoresis typing.