Four new species ofDictyostelium, all with sorophore bases of a unique crampon‐like pattern, are recognized among 25 isolates obtained from samples of soil and leaf litter collected in forests of Panama, Mexico, Costa Rica, Florida, and Texas. The species described are as follows:D. rhizopodium, characterized by frequently clustered sorocarps with yellowish to grayish olive sori and yellow or brownish purple sorophores;D. coeruleo‐slipeswith white or cream‐colored sori and purplish blue sorophores;D. lavandulumwith grayish lavender to drab vinaceous sori and vinaceous purple sorophores; andD. vinaceo‐fuscumwith deep vinaceous gray to dark smoke‐colored sori and lavender sorophores.