56 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Minera 1 ogical C hemi stryl Action of Oxidising and Reducing Gases on the Colour of Minerals. WALTER HERMANN (Zeitsch. anorg. Chem. 1908 60 369-404).-A number of coloured minerals have been heated in oxidising and reducing gases in order to determine the nature of the constituent causing colour ; borax glasses coloured with known oxides being heated under the same conditions for comparison. . The results indicate that oxides of iron occur as colouring material in zircon corundum spinel epidote and beryl. Chromium and manganese together with iron bring about colorations in green zircon garnet and tourmaline. The results with quartz and topaz were indecisive. Organic substances when present occur together with metallic oxides so that on heating the colour due to the oxide remains.Certain minerals haIite fluorite smoky quartz amethyst and citrine lose their colour when heated in all cases and this cannot therefore be attributed to oxides of heavy metals. The colorations are mostly to be regarded as due to dilute solutionsMINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 57 of colouring matters but garnet and epidote are probably coloured in themselves to some extent. The conditions prevailing in minerals are of a complicated nature. Minerals of the Fumaroles of Vesuvius. ALFRED LACROIX (Bull. Soc. frang. Min. 1908 31 260-264).-The fumaroles due to the 1901'1 eruption are still active and are of two types. Those of one type deposit sodium and potassium chlorides together with cotunnite and tenorite. These saline encrustations contain a rather large quantity of calcium chloride indicating the presence of the mineral chlorocalcite.The formula of the new mineral palmierite (Abstr. 1897 ii 628) discovered in these deposits was given previously as PbSO,,(K,Na),SO ; the published analysis agrees better with the formula 4PbS0,,3[(K,Na),S04]. It is to be noted however that the very small amount of material available for analysis was isolated from the associated aphthitalite by dissolving the latter in cold water; but as palmierite is quickly decomposed by hot water and more slowly by cold water with the separation of lead sulphate it is probable that the material analysed contained some free lead sulphate and consequently the true formula of the mineral is more likely to be PbS0,,(K,Na)2S0,.Fumaroles of the acid type deposit crystals of erythrosiderite and sassolite. EDGAR T. WHERRY and WILLIAM H. CHAPIN (J. Amer. Chem. SOC. 1908 30 1684-1687). -Vesuvianite from twenty-five different localities WRS specially examined for boric acid; in nine cases it was absent in four present only in traces,and in only four was there more than 1%. The largest amount 4.14% was found in the vesuvianite from the Wilui river in Siberia. F. W. Clarke's formula for vesuvianite is R211Ca7A12(Si0,)6 where RII may be H E2 Nag Mg Ca Fe" MnI' and especially AlOH and AlF and A1 may be replaced by FeI" &In1'' or B'II. The small amount of ferric iron (never exceeding 5%) present in vesuvianite however rather suggests that there is only a limited amount of basic aluminium capable of being replaced by ferric iron and consequently that the aluminium and boron play the part of acids.Clarke's formula mould then become Ca7(R11A10,)2(Si0,)2(Si03)4 or if part of the aluminium is basic and part acidic Ca7RI1( YLI'AlO,) (Si04)4(Si03)2. LEWIS LEIUH ~FEBMOR (Chem. Zentr. 1908 ii 1062 ; from Rec. Geol. Survey India 34 167-17l).-Gibbsite occurs in association with manganese ores at Talevadi in the Belgaum district Bombay where i t forms a layer 2-6 mm. in thickness on psilomelane in a ferruginous laterite ; the small scaly crystals form greyish-white radially-fibrous aggregates; anal. I by S. S. Rama Rau. Anal. 11 by J. C. Brown is of amorphous gibbsite resembling halloysite in appearance from Bhekowli in the 88tnrS district. C. H. D.L. J. S. Occurrence of Boric Acid in Vesuvianite. L. J. S. Gibbaite from India. Al,O,. SiO,. H,O (hygr.). H,O (comb.). Total. Sp. gr. \ / r I. 63-59 2.01 34.75 100.35 2 -40 11. 64'20 0.39 0'62 34.51 99.72 2.35 L. J. S.58 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Argyrodite from Bolivia. V. MORITZ GOLDSCHMIDT (Zeitsch. Kryst. Min. 1908 45 548-554. Compare Abstr. 1898? ii 436).- A description is given of some unusually large crystals (3-5 cm. across) of argyrodite found on pyrargyrite from Colquechaca. The habit is dodecahedra1 (110) or less frequently octahedral and the character of the faces as well as some ill-defined etching-figures point to holohedral-cubic symmetry D 6,235. The following analysis agrees with Penfield's formula Ag,GeS,. Ag. Cu. Hg. Fe. 8n. Ge. Sn.As. 8. H,O. Total. 75-67 0.08 0-03 0.03 0.11 6-55 0.10 0.05 17.15 0.18 99.95 In spite of the difference in crystal-symmetry argyrodite appears to fall best in the tetrahedrite group and in this case the formulae 3R,IS,R1IIR1I1S3 for tetrahedrite and 3R,IS,RdRLVSQ for argyrodite show an analogous homceomorphic relation similar to that between Fe208 FeTiO etc. Composition of Morinite. ADOLPHE CARNOT and ALFRED LACROIX (BUZZ. SOC. f r a y . Min. 1908 31 149-152).-Morinite of which a preliminary description was given by Lacroix in 1891 is found in the deposits of tin ore at Montebras dep. Creuse as small and indistinct monoclinic crystals or more usually as crystalline masses with an easy cleavage and a rose-red colour. It occurs embedded in amblygonite of which it is an alteration product and is associated with quartz cassiterite and wavellite.Analysis of the massive material gave (after deducting 1.50 SiO Om20H,0 lost at 120O) P,OP F. AI,O,. Ca." Na,O. H,O. Total. 33.50 13-20 17.~0 13.80 5 -20 17-90 101.40 * CaO 19.0; traces of Li,O MgO FeO. The formula 3A1P0,,Na,HP0,,3CaF,,8EC20 when expressed in the form (A1F)~1Na2H(P04)3,(CnF)~P0,,8H,0 shows in the first molecule a relation t o amblygonite [Al( P,0H)]11(Li,Na)P04. The alteration of the amblygonite has thus been accompanied by a loss of aluminium and a gain of calcium. The aluminium phosphates wavellite and a kind of turquoise are abundant a t Montebras and they represent the last stage in the alteration of the amblygonite. Morinite is remark- able in containing more fluorine than any other phosphate this element being usually largely replaced by hydroxyl in other minerals.Minerals of the Pegmatite-veins with Lithia-tourmaline in Madagascar. ALFRED LACROIX (Bull. SOC. franp. kfin. 1908 31 218-247).-The mineral occurrences in the neighbourhood of Mt. Bity," in Madagascar have already been briefly mentioned in connexion with the new species bityite (Abstr. 1908 ii 705); a more detailed description is now given. Beryl is represented by two varieties normal beryl of which the colour is white blue or green; and beryl rich in alkalis (cesium lithium and sodium) which is pink * Le. Mt. Ibity south of Antsirabe.-L.J.S. L. J. S. L. J. S.MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 59 The following new analyses are given. surface as dark blue fragments ; analysis by F.Pisani gave Lazulite is found on the P,O,. A1,03. MgO. FeO. H,O. Total. Sp. gr. 45.30 35.22 9.19 3-95 5.80 99-46 3-12 Another mineral found loose on the surface is doubtfully referred to hatchettolite ; this is brown and resinous with an irregular fracture transparent in thin flakes and optically isotropic D 3.95. A partial analysis by Urbain gave Cb,O (with Ta,05 and TiO,) 56.61; uranium oxide (weighed as U,O,) 14.15 ; G10 2-37 ; Fe203 1.13; Mn30 (with a little cerium and yttrium emths) 1.46 ; Tho 0.96 ; SiO 2.31 ; Pb Bi Sn Cu (weighed as sulphides) 1.52 ; oxides of alkaline earths 1.64 ; loss at 300° 11.51 ; loss on ignition 3-81. L. J. S. Alunite from RQlalmont dep. Tarn. PIERRE TEBMIER (Bull. Soc. frccnp. Min. 1908 31 215-216).-The mineral is very compact and has a pale rose colour with black patches and streaks the latter being due t o the presence of bituminous matter.Analysis by F. Pisani agrees with the usual formula K,0,3A1,0,,4S0,,6H20 SO,. A1,0,. K,O. CaO. H,O. Insol. Total. Sp. gr. 36'80 36.36 10.40 0.76 13-60 2-20 100.12 2.8 The mineral occurs as a stratum 10 cm. in thickness between schists and a bed of kaolin and has evidently been formed by the action of water containing sulphuric acid (derived by the weathering of theiron pyrites in the schists) on a rhyolite rich in orthoclase. The complete separation of these two products lo€ decomposition of the rhyolite into two sharply-defined beds is curious. L. J. S . The Scheelite of Otago. A. M. FINLAYSON (Trans. iKew Zealand Inst. 1908 40 1 lO-l22).-Scheelite occurs as yellowish- white masses in many of the veins of auriferous quartz in the gold- fields of Otago.Analysis'of a commercial sample gave wo,. CaO. MgO. FeO. Fe,O,. MnO. COP Total. W J 80'58 18.98 0.20 0-24 nil 100*00 Molybdenum is also often present in varying amounts up to 1%. The mineral sometimes occurs in contact with corroded calcite and has evidently been formed by the action of solutions containing tungstic acid on the lime minerals of the surrounding rocks. L. J. S. Tantalite and Gadolinite from Western Australia. ANDREW GIBB MAITLAND (Chem. Zentr. 1908 ii 1062; from Bull. Geol. Survey Western Austru Zia 2 3 6 5-7 4).-Mangano-tantali t e (hu bnerite) occurs as large masses weighing as much as five hundred weight in pegmatite-veins traversing greenstone in the Wodgina tin-field and60 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.it is also found in the alluvial deposits ; anal. I by Simpson. Gadolinite occurs in granite in the Cooglegong tin-field ; anal. I1 by Davis TazO,. Cb,OE. SiO,. TiO,. Ce,O,. (La,Di),O,. Y,03 SnO,. WO,. G10. I. 68-65 15.11 - 0'40 - - - 0'48 trace - 11. - - 23.33 - 2.50 18.30 33.40 - - 12.28 Loss on ignition FeO. MnO. NiO. CaO. MgO. H,O. (He,H,N,CO,). Total. D. I. 1-63 14.15 trace trace 0.15 0.07 - 100-64 7'03 11. 10.38 - - - 0.69 - 0'32 101.20 4'14 L. J. S. Risorite a New Mineral. OTTO HAUSER (Zeitsch. anovg. Chem. 19OS 60 230-236).-The new yttrium columbium mineral from Risijr Norway (Abstr. 1907 ii 704) has been further examined and shown t o be a definite species. The mean of four analyses gives Cb205.Ta,O,. TiO,. SnO,. Tho,. UO,. (Y,Er),03. Ce(La,Di),O,. 36.21 4.00 6-00 0.01 trace 0.10 36 -28 2-88 CaO. FeO. PbO. Fe,O,. A1,03. GO,. N,He. H,O. Total. 1'93 2-61 0-20 1-20 0.81 0.23 0'90 7.11 100.67 It is a glassy isotropic mass D16 4.179 hardness 5.5 with con- siderable @radioactivity. It may be regarded as an isomorphous mixture of fergusonite with metatitanates. C. H D. The So-called Dysanalyte from Vogtsburg in the Kaiserstuhl. OTTO HAUSER (Zeitsch. an0s.g. Chem. 1908 60 237-241).-The Eaiserstuhl mineral described by Knop (Abstr. 1878 385) as dysanalyte appears t o consist of perohkite con- taminated with enclosures. TiO,. SiO,. Cb205. FeO. CaO. MnO. N%O. Ce,O,. Total. 50.93 2'21 4-86 9'22 25-60 0.23 4.37 2.80 100.22 An analysis of selected crystals gave C.H. D. Naegite. TSUNASHIR~ WADA (Chem. Zentr. 19OS ii 1063 ; from Beitrage XUT Mineralogie von Japan 1906 23-25).-A new analysis by Haga of '' naegite " (Abstr. 1905 ii 177) shows that the mineral consists largely of zirconia and silica. ZrO,. Tho,. Si02. Cb,O Ta,O,. UO,. Y,O,. Total. 55 '30 5-01 20.58 7-69 3 *03 9 '12 100.73 L. J. 5. [Analyses of Hornblende.] LOUIS DUPARC and FRANCIS PEARCE (BUZZ. Xoc. franp M h . 1908 31 94-135).-Numerous determin- ations are given of the optical constants of several rock-forming minerals and analyses of the following (I) hornblende from amphi-MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 61 bolite from the Island of Coll Hebrides; (11) hornblende from amphibolite from Chester Masaachuset ts. SiO,. TiO,. Al,O,.Cr203. Fe203. FeO. MnO. CaO. MgO. Na,O. K,O. Total. I. 51.50 0.23 2.88 0'14 6'25 5-39 0.05 13.26 16'95 1-61 0.32 98-58 II. 42.74 1-08 5.48 - 11.92 11.46 0.06 12-72 11.60 2.25 0.56 99'69 (I) corresponds with the formula 1 2R,11Si40, 3R~IR2IIfSi3Ol8 21C2KR~1Si4012 and (11) with 1 OR,11Si4012,98,11R2'1S~3012,4R21R2111Si3012. L. 5. S. Zeolites from the Basalt of Montresta Sardinia. JACQUES DEPRAT (Bull. SOC. f r a q Min. 1908 31 181-192. Compare Abstr. 1908 ii 864).-Cavities in the basalt contain heulandite stilbite mesolite chabazite and rarely arialcite and thomsonite. The following were analysed (I) heulandite crystals ; (11) stilbite crystals ; (111) mesolite as finely-fibrous radial aggregates intimately associated with chabszite. SiO,. Al,O,. CaO. Na,O. H,O.Total. I. 59.00 16.70 8'20 1-30 14'70 99-90 11. 57-70 17-10 7-70 0-50 17.60 100.60 111. 47'70 24'10 10'00. 5'80 12.41 100.01 L. J. S. [Anorthoclase] from Port Victor South Australia. H. W. GARTRELL (Chem. Zenk.. 1908 ii 1063 ; from Trans. Roy. Xoc. South Australia 27 256 -260).-The granite of this locality contains large porphyritic crystals of anorthoclase m hich are flesh-red and trans- lucent t o opaque; D 2-68. The following analysis corresponds with 0r23Ab8An Loss on SiO,. Al,O,. Fe203 MnO MgO. CaO. Na,O. K20. ignition. Total. 64-54 19'34 traces 1.24 2'89 11'84 0.58 100.43 L. J. S. Cordierite-pinites from Central France. FERDINAND GONNARD (Bull. Soc. franp. Min. 1908 31 1'71-18 1)-A description is given of the occurrence of the pseudomorphs after cordierite in the depart- ments of Puy-de-DSme Loire and RhGne.The following analysis by P. Barbier is given of larg dark green crystals with a perfect cleavage and D 2.77 which occur with microcline smoky quartz and apatite in a pegmatite at Vizkzy Loss on SiO,. A120,. FeO MnO CaO. MgO. K,O. ignition. Total. 42'43-42.66 33-21-32'95 10.58 traces 2'61 4'75 6.29 99.87 L. J. S. Contact Minerals (Gehlenite Spurrite and Hillebrandite) from Mexico. FEED. E. WRIGET (Amer. J. Sci. 1908 [iv] 26 545-554).-These minerals were formed near the junction of altered limestone and intrusive basic diorite in the Velardeiia mining district in Durango.62 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. GehZennite occurs as massive granular aggregates together with spurrite yellow garnet and calcite.It is dark grey in colour owing to abundant minute inclusions of magnetite and only rarely are small pieces free from magnetite inclusions of an amber-yellow colour ; D25 3.039. Analysis I is very similar to previous analyses of gehlenite but no simple formula can be deduced the mineral probably repre- senting a solid solution of several end members of a series SiO,. TiO,. 81,0,. Fe,O,. FeO. MnO. MgO. I. 26.33 0-03 27.82 1-43 0.50 0.01 2'44 11. 26-96 0'01 0'39 0'11 0'03 0.23 111. 32.59 0 02 0.23 0.15 0.01 0-04 - CaO. Na,O. K20. H,O. CO,. Total. I. 39.55 0-21 0.10 1.85 nil 100.27 11. 62'34 0.05 trace nil 9-73 99.85 111. 57-76 0.03 0.05 9'36 nil 100'24 Xpurrite occurs as granular masses with glistening cleavages resembling crystalline marble in appearance ; no crystals were observed The mineral is transparent to translucent and colourless to pale grey with tints of blue or yellow; lustre vitreous to resinous ; hardness 5 ; DZ5 3.014.The optical characters indicate that the symmetry is probably monoclinic ; the birefiingence is high (y - a = 0*039) the axial angle small (2E = 70°) the sign negative and there is a noticeable crossed dispersion. Lamellar twinning occurs on more than one plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry and there are two cleavages with an angle of 7 9 O perpendicular to the same plane. Before the blowpipe the mineral becomes white and porcelain-like and is infusible. It effervesces in dilute hydrochloric acid and is readily dissolved with the separation of gelatinous silica. Analysis I1 corre- sponds with the formula 2Ca2Si0,,CaC0,.Hillebrandite possesses a fibrous structure the fibres being often aggregated as radial sperulites ; it is associated with yellow garnet and wollastonite. The material is white often with a tinge of green and porcelain-like and is translucent only in small chips ; hardness 5 4 ; D25 2.692. The optical characters of the fibres suggest ortho- rhombic symmetry. Before the blowpipe the mineral fuses to a colourless glass. I t readily dissolves in hydrochloric acid with the separation of some silica and is slowly decomposed by water. Analysis 111 gives the formula 2Ca0,Si02,H,0. Attempts to prepare the new minerals spurrite and hillebrandite synthetically have so far been unsuccessful. Mineralogy of the Feeroe Islands. MATTHEW F.HEDDLE (Chem. Zentr. 1908 ii 1061 ; from Trans. Geol. SOC. Glasgow 1906 12 1-15).-Anal. I of bluish-white spheres of faroelite from Nolso ; 11 of mesolite occurring on sphaerostilbite from Nolso ; 111 of stilbite from Bordo. L. J. S. SiO,. AI,O,. Fe,O,. CaO. Na,O. K,O. H,O. Total. I. 42-50 28.06 - 11 35 5'60 - 13.02 100.53 11. 46.80 26'46 - 9.08 5'14 - 12'28 99.76 111. 58.79 14'613 0.47 9.534 0'324 0.232 17-298 101261 L. J. S.MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 65 Phillipsite from Mont Simiouse Loipe. FERDINAND GONNARD (Bull. SOC. franp. ah. 1908 31 269-271).-Analysis by P. Barbier of crystals of phillipsite associated with chabazite and offretite lining cavities in basalt at Mont Simiouse gave SiO,. Al,O,. CaO. BaO MgO. K20. Na,O. H,O. Total. 52-10 18'33 4.96 traces 6.88 1'10 16.55 95.92 This agrees with the formula RA12Si,0,,,5H20 (where R = Ca I( Na) whilst some analyses of phillipsite from other localities have given the formulae RA12Si,0,,,5H20 RA12Si,0,2,4H20 and RA12S~,0,,13+H,0. The present mineral therefore represents an acid type of phillipsite similar to that from Giessen and the Kaiserstuhl.L. J. S. The Pumice of the Volcano of Mont Dore. ALFBED LACROIX (Compt. rend. 1908 14'7 778-782).-A description is given of the fragmentary materials more particularly the pumice of this extinct volcano. Hhyolitic pumice (anal. I and 11 by F. Pisani) with a fibrous structure occurs only in small pieces ; it consists almost entirely of a colourless glass with very few phenocrysts of anorthoclase surrounded by orthoclase. The composition is identical with that of the rhyolite (anal.111) Trachytic pumice (anal. IV) has a cellular structure and is less glassy containing phenocrysts of orthoclase anorthoclase biotite and augite together with microlites of orthoclase. SiO,. Al,O,. Fe,O,. FeO. MgO. CaO. Na,O. K20. TiO,. H,O. Total. I. 73-90 10.95 0.08 1-06 1-08 1.55 4.08 4-60 - 3'35 100*68 11. 73'90 11'93 0.15 0.87 0.13 0.34 4.10 4.62 trace 4-00 100-04 111. 75-50 13'50 0.95 - 0.39 0.99 4-35 4'15 trace 0.37 100.20 IT. 60.50 18'20 1'20 1-08 0.26 0.68 5'10 5.23 0.39 7.00 99-64 L. J. S. Rare Renfrewshire Minerals. ROBERT S. HOUSTON (Chem. Zentr. 1908 ii 1062; from Trans. Geol. Xoc. Glasgow 1906 12 354-361). -.Several minerals are described and analyses given of the following I labradorite from Gleniffer Hills south of Paisley ; IT pectolite massive and fibrous from South Quarry Craigenfeoch near Johnstone ; 111 stilbite red from near Kilbarchan.SiO,. Al,O,. Fe20,. CaO. MgO. MnO. R,O. Na,O. H,O. Total. I. 53-82 28'09 2.88 3.62 4-24 trace 2-25 3-70 2'00 100'60 11. 55.38 trace - 33'68 trace - - 7-20 3.30 99'56 111. 55'02 16.48 trace 7'24 0.58 - - 4-46 17-00 100'78 L. J. S. Weathering and Formation of Kaolinite in the Halle Quartz- porphyry VICTOR SELLE (Chern. Zentr. 1908 ii 1203 ; from Zeitu Naturw. 1907 79 321-421).-Analysis I is of the white product of weathering and 11 of the portion insoluble in concentrated sulphuric acid ; the latter consists of quartz 3.5S% and felspar 7.97%. Deduct- ing from the soluble portion the alkalis as sericite the sulphuric anhydride as gypsum and neglecting the magnesia the remainder has the composition 2A1,0,,5Si0,,4H20 whereas kaolinite has the formula 2Al20,,4Si0,,4H2O.64 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.The mineralogical composition of the sample is given as quartz 11.56 ; felspar 7.97 ; kaolinite 71.45 ; sericite 4.06 j other minerals 4.96%. SiO,. A1,0,. Fe,O,. CaO. MgO. SO,. H,O. Alkalis. Total. I. 51.05 27.07 5.51 1-01 2.09 1-45 10.30 1.52 100.00 I 1.04 11-55 11. 8.83 1-44 0.08 0.12 0'04 - The alteration of the felspar in the rock has given rise first to mica and this has subsequently been altered to kaolinite. I n the Halle district the decomposed porphyries are richer in kaolinite nearer. the surface and minerals of pneumatolytic origin are absent. The conclusion is therefore drawn that the formation of kaolinite is dependent on the ordinary processes of weathering only these were more intense in their action in former times than at present.L. J. S. Analysis of London Clay. JOHN H B. JENKINS (Geol. Mag. 1908 Lv] 5 265-266).-1n a well-boring at East Ham the stratum of clay extends from 17 to 76 feet below the surface. The wet stiff clay of dark grey colour loses 20.1% at 120° and on ignition there is a further losseof 6.3%. The ignited material is brick-red and contains SiO,. A1,0,. Fe,03 CaO. MgO. K,O. Na,O. Total. 67.9 18.3 8.7 1 *3 1 *2 1 '6 1 '4 100.4 L. J. S. Red Porphyry [Porfido Rosso Antico]. J. COUYAT (Compt. rend. 1908 147 988-990),-The ancient quarries whence this celebrated ornamental stone was obtained by the Romans are situated along the Wadi Abu Maammel on the north-west slopes of the Jebel Dokhan in Egypt. The crystalline schists of the district are pene- trated by necks of hornblende-andesite and by veins of various other igneous rocks (this vol.ii 65). This andesite when unaltered (anal. 11) is greenish-black or ebony-black and contains phenocrysts and microlites of andesine and hornblende together with much apatite and magnetite. The hornblende (anal. I) contains some manganese ; it has a maximum extinction angle of 2 2 O and its pleochroic colours are pale yellow to green. The red porphyry (anal. 111) is found in the central more crystalliue portions of the necks and it is an altered form of the hornblende-andesite ; there is a gradual passage from one rock to the other a violet porphyry forming an intermediate zone.The simultaneous decomposition of the hornblende and felspar has given rise to much manganiferous epidote (withamite) but the red colour of the rock is mainly due to the large quantityof finely-divided hematite ; other secondary minerals are damourite actinolite and biotite. SiO,. TiO,. Al,O,._Fe,O,. FeO. CaO. NgO. MnO. Ra,O. K20. H,O. Total. 1. 44-5 1.5 1 2 5 12'2 4.0 9.5 11'1 0.4 3-9 0.5 100'1 11. 64'3 0.45 16'4 1-85 2-5 4'7 3.0 tiace 4.3 2-0 0'6 100.1 111. 64'4 0'65 i 6 . 1 3.5 1.0 5-0 2.7 trace 4.2 1% 1-1 100.25 - L. J. S.MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 66 [ Hyperethene-Augite from Lake Onega.) WALTER WAHL (Fenma HeEsingfors 1908 24 No. 3 1-94).-1n a paper on the geology of the west coast of Lake Onega Russia are given several rock analyses together with the following analysis of a pyroxene isolated from a coarse-grained quartz-diabase from Schtscheliki.SiO,. TiO,. Al,Q Fe,O,. FeO. NiO. MnO. MgO. 50.36 0'80 2'49 2'35 18.15 0'04 0.56 11'37 CaO. Na,O. K,O. H,O. Total. Sp. gr. 13-97 0-26 0.19 0'55 101.09 3'46 The crystals show a zonal structure with varying optical characters; in the inner portion 2E = 48"42' and in t l e outer 2E = '73'8' ; c c = 45". The mineral belongs to the group of enstatite-augites and is a hypers t hene-augite. L. J. 8. Gabbro and Iron-ore of the Jubrechkine Kamen Northern Urals. LOUIS DUPARC (Compt. rend. 1908 147 1061-1063).- This mountain is formed entirely of uralitised gabbro (anal I) of various types and irregularly distributed through the rock are basic segregation patches (anal.11) often of considerable size. These patches consist largely of magnetite together with hornblende and a little epidote and kaolin. SiO,. TiOP A1,0,. Fe,O,. FeO. MnO. CaO. MgO $,O. Na,O. nition. Total. I. 47-97 1'30 13'50 3-55 11'47 trace 10'63 6'51 0'26 2.78 1.60 99.57 11. 26'62 9-50 11-62 19.50 21'87 0.20 6'47 2'57 0.34 1-06 1'30 101.05 Loss on ig- L. J. S Mode of Formation of the Puy de Dame. ALFRED LACROIX (Compt. rend. 1908 147 826-831).-The structure of this extinct volcano is compared with the recent West Indian volcanoes and found to resemble that of Guadeloupe rather than Mt. PelBe. Analyses are given of domitea with biotite or with hornblende and of the frag- mentary derivatives OF these rocks. L. J.S. Eruptive Rocks of Jebel Dokhan Red Sea. J. COUYAT (Compt. refid. 1908 147 867-869).-Veins and bosses of the erup tive rocks penetrate the conglomerates and schistose sediments which rest on a granitic massif. Analyses are given of granite micro- granite micropegmstite rhyolite andesite and labradorite L. J. S. Possible Existence of a Nickel-Iron (Fe,Ni,) in Meteorites. LAZARUS FLETCHER (Min. Mag. 1908 15 147-152).-ln the analysis of the meteoric stone of Zomba (Abstr. 1901 ii 400) the repeated extractions of the nickel-iron with mercuric ammonium chloride showed that the residue became gradually richer in nickel. This was at the time attributed to the rusting of the iron in the minute particles of the alloy but is now explained by the presence of a nickel- iron constituent Fe,Ni containing 38.50% Ni(Co) which is not VOL.Xcvl. ii 566 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. readily attacked by the mercuric solution. This constituent is identical with the '' taenite " containing 38.13% Ni(Co) isolated by reason of its insolubility in dilute hydrochloric acid from the Youndegin iron (Abstr. 1900 ii 27). From an examination of the thermo-magnetic characters of the Sacramento iron S. W. J. Smith (Phi+?. Trans. 1908 A 208 21) has recently concluded that this meteorite contains !a nickel-iron with not less than 37% Ni thus confirming the above results. Investigations on the Gases of the Wiesbaden Thermal Springs. FERDINAND HENRICH (Bey. 1908 41 4196-4209. Com- pare Abstr. 1905 ii 6 221 ; 1907 ii 150).-The gases evolved by some of the thermal springs at ,Wiesbaden have been analysed and found to contain carbon dioxide nitrogen oxygen methane hydrogen sulphide argon neon helium and radium emanation in the following proportions the values given being volume percentages. Koclkbrunnen (t = 68.7") gas absorbed by potassium hydroxide 84.8 oxygen 0.2 nitrogen 12.7 methane 0.6 rare gases (argon etc.) and emanation 1.7 ; AdZerqueZZe ( t = 64.6') gas absorbed by potassium hydroxide 77.6 oxygen 1.2 nitrogen 18.4 methane 0.8 rare gases and emanation 2.0 ; Xchutzenhofquelle ( 8 = 49.2') gas absorbed by potassium hydroxide 32.4 oxygen 0.2 nitrogen 62.05 methane 0.45 rare gases and emana- tion 4.9. The composition of the evolved gas varies slightly and irregularly throughout the year. It is probable that the gases are derived from the rocks in the vicinity of the springs since it has been found that these rocks when heated alone or with potassium hydrogen sulphate evolve oxygen nitrogen helium and argon. The oxygen is absorbed by the ferrous carbonate present in the spring-water. L. J. S. W. H G.