The lobe structure of giant hailstones
作者:
K. A. Browning,
期刊:
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
(WILEY Available online 1966)
卷期:
Volume 92,
issue 391
页码: 1-14
ISSN:0035-9009
年代: 1966
DOI:10.1002/qj.49709239102
出版商: John Wiley&Sons, Ltd
数据来源: WILEY
摘要:
AbstractPhotographs of thin sections through five giant hailstones are presented to portray their bubble and crystal structures. These are interpreted to show that the hailstones grew as three‐dimensional arrays of more or less completely frozen lobes, sometimes but not always separated by regions of spongy ice characterized by radial lines of bubbles.Some lobes contained regularly spaced hyperfine growth layers consisting of series of concentric bubble fronts a few hundred microns apart. These layers are interpreted as being due to fluctuations in growth rate associated with the tumbling of the hailstones.The growing surfaces of the lobes were strongly convex outward. This caused successive growth layers to become convoluted or scalloped. When the surface of a whole hailstone was viewed it sometimes created the false impression that the stone was an aggregate of much smaller hailstones.The presence of surface knobs associated with the lobes significantly enhances the efficiency of heat loss from the hailstone surface. Such an effect is important in that it reduces the proportion of unfrozen water incorporated within a rapidly growing hailstone. There is even some evidence that a giant 8 cm diameter hailstone can grow in this way without becoming appreciably spong
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