ObjectiveLittle is known about female physicians' personal contraceptive use, and such usage could influence their prescribing patterns.MethodsWe used data from the Women Physicians' Health Study, a large (n= 4501) national study, administered in 1993–1994, on characteristics of female physicians in the United States.ResultsThese female physicians (ages 30–44 years) were more likely to use contraception than women in the general population (ages 15–44 years); this was true even when the physicians were compared with only other women of high socioeconomic status and when stratified by ethnicity, age, and number of children. Physicians were also more likely to use intrauterine devices, diaphragms, or condoms, and less likely to use female or male sterilization than were other women. Younger female physicians were especially unlikely to use permanent methods, particularly when compared with their age-matched counterparts in the general population. One fifth of contracepting physicians used more than one type of contraceptive; the most frequently used combination was spermicide with a barrier method.ConclusionFemale physicians contracept differently than do women in the general population, in ways consistent with delaying and reducing total fertility. Physicians' personal characteristics have been shown to influence their patient counseling practices, including their contraception-related attitudes and practices. Although female physicians' clinical advice might differ from their personal practices, as women physicians become more prevalent, their contraceptive choices could influence those of their patients.