SummaryThe thorough cardio-aortic examination of 125 former syphilitic cases has shown us the following.1. 19,2 % of the cases examined had a cardiac or aortic syphilitical lesion (15,2 % of the men and 21,5 % of the women).2. In 7,2 % of the cases (2,2 % men, 10,1 % women) the cardio-aortic attack was discovered at the beginning of their treatment (group 1).3. Amongst tertiary syphilitics having another localization 22,2 % (44,4 % of the men, 0 % of the women), had an aortic lesion (group 2).4. 11,1 % of the men and 16,6 % of the women where the serology had been long or impossible to negative (group 3) had a cardiac fir aortic lesion. Other organs had been attacked in 11,1 % of the men and 20 % of the women. In 77,7 % of the men and 63,3 % of the women in this group the seroresistance could not be explained by the the discovery of a specific visceral lesion.5. 6 % only of latent secondary syphilitic cases found negative and considered as cured had an aortic lesion (group 4). Specific lesions of the heart and aorta are frequent complications of former syphilis. It is during the stage of latent secondary syphilis that a thorough cardio-aortic examination has the most importance.