This study was designed to correlate the endocrine responses elicited by acute ether stress with the changes in metabolism of several monoamines in discrete nuclei of the rat brain. Concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and also of the specific metabolites of NE, DA, and 5-HT, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid, respectively, were concurrently measured in microdissected nuclei using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The ratio of the metabolites to their respective amines was used as an estimate of the metabolism of NE, DA, and 5-HT. Acute exposure to ether vapors induced, within 5–15 min, large increments in plasma levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), β-endorphin, and prolactin (PRL), and decrements in the levels of plasma growth hormone (GH). Significant increases in NE metabolism were observed in the rostral (ANr) and caudal (ANC) divisions of the arcuate nucleus, as well as in the paraventricular (PVN) and dorsomedial nuclei, 15 min after ether stress. A significant decrease in 5-HT metabolism was observed in the PVN, supraoptic nucleus, and ANC, whereas significant increases in 5-HT metabolism were detected in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and ANr. DA metabolism selectively increased in the ANr. The present results indicate that the acute changes in ACTH, β-endorphin, PRL, and GH release induced by ether exposure are temporally correlated with (1) increases in NE metabolism in many hypothalamic nuclei; (2) a selective increase in DA metabolism restricted to the ANr, and (3) differential effects on 5-HT metabolism, probably reflecting selective activation or inhibition of different populations of 5-HT neur