Patients with traumatic asphyxia treated at a single institution during a 10-year period were studied to determine the incidence and sequelae of neurologic impairment associated with this entity. Traumatic asphyxia was identified in 14 patients from 4 to 73 years old. Each had sustained thoracic crush injuries from objects weighing more than 1,000 pounds. The mechanism of injury was crush by farm implement in six patients, entrapment beneath a vehicle in five, compression by a large hay bale in one, crush by a farm animal in one, and a ditch cave-in in one. Craniocervical cyanosis and subconjuctival hemorrhage were apparent in all patients. Associated chest wall and intrathoracic injuries were present in 11 (79%) patients. Neurologic abnormalities included loss of consciousness in eight patients, prolonged confusion in five, seizures in two, and pronounced visual disturbances in two. There were no deaths in this series and no long-term neurologic sequelae were evident. However, careful serial neurologic assessment should be performed in these patients and other causes of neurologic symptoms excluded.