This laboratory study examined responses of Israeli blind subterranean mole rats (of theSpalax ehrenbergisuperspecies) to food odours (Narcissus tazettaandUrginea maritimabulbs) and assessed to what extent mole rats’ odour preferences are indicative of their food preferences and whether these preferences influence their foraging behaviour. Prior to odour testing, mole rats ateNarcissusbulbs preferentially and avoidedUrgineabulbs when both types of bulbs were available, as is the case in nature. In phase 1, mole rats (n = 20) spent significantly more time sniffing the odour ofNarcissusbulbs than the odour ofUrgineabulbs, indicating a preference for the odour of the preferred bulb. In phase 2 in a six-tunnel radial arm maze, the presence of preferred or non-preferred food odours at the ends of the 20 em tunnels did not affect mole rats’ (n = 12) movement into the tunnels. The results suggest that mole rats can identify food items by their odours and thus can discriminate between edible (e.g.,Narcissus) and poisonous (e.g.,Urginea) bulbs without the necessity of biting into them. Because there is limited air movement in mole rats’ sealed tunnel systems, the food odours do not travel far underground, and thus mole rats probably do not use detection of airborne food odours to facilitate their foraging underground. Our results suggest that mole rats could use food odour discrimination to select edible food items for collection and to sort food items in their nest stores.