DISCUSSIONS OF THE FARADAY SOCIETY No. 16, 31854 THE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF DYEING AND TANNING THE FARADAY SOCIETY Agents for the Society’s Publications : The Aberdeen University Press Ltd. 6 Upper ICirkgate AberdeenThe Faraday Society reserves the Copyright of all Conimunications published in the “ Discussions ” PUBLISHED , . . 1954 PRINlED IN GREAT BRlTAlN AT THE UNIVERSIIY PRESS ABERDEENA GENERAL DISCUSSION ON THE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF DYEING AND TANNING A GENERAL DISCUSSION on The Physical Chemistry of Dyeing and Tanning was held in the Department of Chemistry, Leeds University (by kind permission of the Vice-Chancellor) on the 8th, 9th and 10th September, 1953. The President, Prof. Sir Hugh Taylor, K.B.E., D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S., was in the Chair and about 154 members and visitors were present.Among the distinguished overseas members and visitors welcomed by the President were the following :- Prof. A. Banderet (Mulhouse), Dr. R. Casty (Basle), Dr. G. Coumoulos (Athens), Dr. K. H. Gustavson (Stockholm), Dr. P. Larose (Canada), Dr. H. Lundgren (California), Mr. B. Olofsson (Gothenburg), Dr. A. Parisot (Paris), Dr. J. Pouradier (Vincennes), Prof. A. Schobcrl (Hanover), Dr. H. E. and Mrs. Schroeder (Delaware), Dr. G. J. Schuringa (Delft), Dr. G. J. M. Sprokel (Delft), P. J. van Vlimmeren (Waalwijk, Holland), Dr. H. Zollingcr (Basle). 3A GENERAL DISCUSSION ON THE PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF DYEING AND TANNING A GENERAL DISCUSSION on The Physical Chemistry of Dyeing and Tanning was held in the Department of Chemistry, Leeds University (by kind permission of the Vice-Chancellor) on the 8th, 9th and 10th September, 1953.The President, Prof. Sir Hugh Taylor, K.B.E., D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S., was in the Chair and about 154 members and visitors were present. Among the distinguished overseas members and visitors welcomed by the President were the following :- Prof. A. Banderet (Mulhouse), Dr. R. Casty (Basle), Dr. G. Coumoulos (Athens), Dr. K. H. Gustavson (Stockholm), Dr. P. Larose (Canada), Dr. H. Lundgren (California), Mr. B. Olofsson (Gothenburg), Dr. A. Parisot (Paris), Dr. J. Pouradier (Vincennes), Prof. A. Schobcrl (Hanover), Dr. H. E. and Mrs. Schroeder (Delaware), Dr. G. J. Schuringa (Delft), Dr. G. J. M. Sprokel (Delft), P. J. van Vlimmeren (Waalwijk, Holland), Dr. H. Zollingcr (Basle). 3CONTENTS General Tntroduction.By Sir Eric Rideal . The Kinetics of Acid Absorption on Wool Fibres. By R. F. Hudson , The Combination of Acids and Colour Acids with Keratin. By L. . Peters and G. H. Lister A Contribution to the Theory of Diffusion of Sorbed Substances into and out of Fibres. By Bertil Olofsson. . Study of Diffusion Processes in Tanning. By D. M. G. Armstrong . The Self-diffusion of a Dye in a Polar Polymer Membrane, By M. L. Wright . The Absorption of Sodium Sulphate and Sulphuric Acid by Hair. By D. L. Underwood and H. J. White, Jr.. The Kinetics of Absorption of Water and Aqueous Solutes by Dry Viscose Cellulose. By H. B. Mann and T. H. Morton . Theoretical Aspects of the Dyeing of Cellulose Acetate Rayon. By C. L. Bird, F.Manchester and Miss P. Harris . Researches on Monohyers- Part 4. A Study of Dyeing Processes by the Use of the Unimolecular Film Balance. By Miss Margaret M. Allingham, C. H. Giles and E. L. Neustidter . GENERAL DIscussIoN.-Dr. P. Larose, Dr. B. Olofsson, Dr. R. F. Hudson, Prof. R. M. Barrcr, Dr. K. H. Gustavson, Dr. G. A. Gilbert, Mr. G. King, Mr. D. M. G. Armstrong, Dr. C. H. Giles, Dr. H. E. Schroeder, Dr. J. L. Horner, Dr. Andrk Parisot, DI-. L. Valentine, Dr. M. L. Wright, Dr. Howard J. White, Jr., Mr. Donald A. Underwood, Dr. T. Vickerstaff, Dr. T. H. Morton, Dr. H. Zollinger . 5 PAGI! 9 14 24 34 45 58 66 75 85 92 105G CONTENTS Atomic Models- Part 3. Some Stereochemical Problems in Dyeing. By Conmar Robinson . The Adsorption of Dyes by Crystals. By J.Whetstone . Calorimetric Studies of the Reaction of Naphthalene Orange G with Amino Acids. By A. M. Derbyshire and W. J. Marshall . The Solubility and Activity of Orange IT in Sodium Chloride and Sodium Sdphate Solutions. By A. B. Meggy . The Selective Absorption of Optical Antipodes by Wool. By W. Bradley, R. A. Brindley and G. C . Easty . Tanning of Fatty Acid, Amino Acid and Protein Monolayers by Metal Ions. By J. H. Schulman and M. 2. Dogan. . The Interaction of Tanning Materials with Collagen Monolayers. By S. C. Ellis and K. G. A. Pankhurst . Viscosimetric Study of the Hardening of Gelatin by Chrome Alum. By J. Pouradier . Some Aspects of the Reaction of Basic Chromium Salts with Hide Protein. By K. H. Gustavson . Mucoid Material in Hides and Skins and its Significance in Tanning and Dyeing, By D. Burton and R. Reed . Mechanism of Absorption on Non-Ionic Dyes by PolyethyIene Tere- phthalatc. By M. J. Schuler and W. R. Remington . The Dyeing of Polyacrylonitrile Fibres with Anionic Dyes, By R. H. Blaker, S . M. Katz, J. F. Laucius, W. R. Remington and H. E. Schrocder The Dyeing of Synthetic Polypeptides. By C. H. Bamford, J. Boulton, W. E. Hanby and J. S. Ward . PAGE 125 132 140 149 152 158 170 180 185 195 20 1 210 222 GENERAL DIscussIoN.-Dr. H. Zollinger, Dr. C. H. Bamford, Dr. A. S. Dunn, Dr. H. E. Nursten, Dr. K. €3. Gustavson, Mr. A. N. Derby- shire, Dr. C. H. Giles, Mr. W. J. Marshall, Dr. G. A. Gilbert, Dr.CONTENTS 7 PAGE A. B. Meggy, Prof. W. Bradley, Dr. G. D. Cournoulos, D. J. H. Schulrnan, Dr. K. G. A. Pankhurst, Dr. H. Phillips, Prof. D. Burton, Dr. R. Reed, Dr. H. H. Sumner, Dr. M. J. Schuler, Dr. W. R. Remington, Dr. D. Patterson, Dr. T. Vickerstaff, Dr. P. Meares, Dr. J. Simons . . 229 Author Index . 251 Revicws of Books . . 252