A controlled trial of the effect of low versus high calcium intake on blood pressure was performed in 15 patients with mild essential hypertension (supine blood pressure after a 1-month run-in period: 145,7 ± 2.6/97.8 ± 0.9 mmHg, mean ± s.e.m)After a 1-week baseline period on a standard calcium intake (900 mg/day, obtained by giving a 500-mg calcium tablet daily, in addition to a 400-mg calcium diet), the patients were randomly entered into a double-blind crossover study of 4-week low calcium intake (400 mg calcium diet plus two placebo tablets/day) and 4-week high calcium intake (1400 mg/day: 400-mg calcium diet plus two 500-mg calcium tablets/day). Compliance with the diets appeared to be satisfactory, based on the results of food record analysisNo significant blood pressure change was observed at the end of the low- compared to the high-calcium regimen. Serum ionized calcium was slightly, but not significantly lower, while 24-h urinary calcium excretion was significantly reduced during the lowcalcium diet. No difference was found in urinary sodium and potassium excretion between the two study periodsWe conclude that moderate modifications of oral calcium intake are not associated with changes in blood pressure within the time span of this study