THE INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. FOUNDED, 1877. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER, 1885. PROCEEDINGS 1905. PART 111. PROCEEDINGS OF THE COUNCIL. REPORTS OF EXAMINERS: INTERMEDIATE AND FINAL EXAMINATIONS: APRIL and JULY. EXAMINATION IN BIOLOCiICAL CHEMISTRY : OCTOBER. SCHEME OF EXAMINATIONS IN TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY. THE LIBRARY. ADDITIONS TO THE REGISTER. NOTICES. Issued under the supervision of the Proceedings Committee. RICHARD B. PIIXHEII, Registrar and Sccreiury. 30, BLOOMSBURY LONDON,SQUARE, W.C., Noveiatev, I905. Telephone :-.2406 Gerrard. Proceedings Committee, 1905=6. EDWARD DIVERS (Clzairnzaiz), E. J. BEVAN, CHARLES E. CASSAL, OSCAR GUTTMANN, E. GRANT HOOPER DAVID HOWARD (President), HERBERT JACKSON, A.GORDON SALAMON (Tieawrsr). Proceedings of the Council, APRIL-OCTOBER, 1905. HE Council of the Institute have met 7 times since the T Annual General RIeeting. There have also been 22 Meetings of various Committees. Agricultural Analyses.-At their first Meeting, the Council considered the desirability of asking the President of the Board of Agriculture to receive a deputation from the Institute with reference to the performance of analyses for farmers at Technical and Agricultural Colleges. The President of the Board, the Right Hon. Ailwyn E. Fellowes, M.Y., received the President of the Institute with Sir William Ramsay, K.C.B., F.R.S., Professor J. Millar Thomson, F.R.S., and Mr. Jx'alter W. Fisher, at the House of Commons, on Wednesday, the 5th of April.Sir Thomas Elliott, K.C.B., Secretary to the Board, Dr. T. E. Thorpe, C.B., F.R.S., Chief Agricultural Analyst, and Dr. VV. Somerville, an Assistant Secretary to the Board, were also present. Mr. Howard said that it had come to the notice of the Institute that the Board of Agriculture was encouraging Technical and Agricultural Colleges, which are supported by public moneys for purely educdiod purposes, to undertake chemical analyses and tests for farmers, either gratuitously or at nominal fees. Mr. Fellowes replied that the Board regarded that work as educational. Sir Thomas Elliott and Dr. Thorpe agreed. On this, Mr. Howard ventured to draw a distinction 4 between giving a report on the examination of a substance and giving instruction as to how such an examination should be conducted and how the results were obtained.These Colleges undertook to train farmers in agricultural chemistry, but if the Colleges did the work for them, the farmers would not do it for themselves, and the teaching of agricultural chemistry would be a dead letter. Where the College had not a special staff for such work, there was the certainty of the teachers’ time being taken up by this work and withdrawn from the students. It was not only in connection with milk tests that the Institute desired to approach the Board. All kinds of agricultural samples-soils, manures, feeding cakes, even drinking water-were examined by the Colleges at nominal fees.Hitherto, this work had been performed chiefly by analysts retained by the various Agricultural Associations, which were not State-aided. The farmers belonging to these Associations had been able to have samples examined by very competent men at special fees. These chemists were well known to the Board, and their work on behalf of agriculturists had been very highly appreciated. There was no reason to think that any doubt of their competence had induced the authorities to take steps to deprive them of their work, yet the good work done by these Agricultural Associations had been seriously affected by the transfer of their work to the Colleges. The fees for which the work was performed by the Colleges were so low that no professional chemist could possibly charge them; besides which, the Colleges were, in this way, spending public moneys for the benefit of one par- ticular class.Its chief object being the promotion of the better training of professional chemists, the Institute of Chemistry viewed with apprehension a State-aided competition of the Colleges, which must discourage professional chemists from taking interest in agriculture. In some cases, the chemists in the Colleges did this work only under protest, being in full sympathy with the views held by the Institute. With regard to milk, they were of opinion that, in the vast majority of cases, the constituents of milk of well bred and decently tended cows would always be well above the standards, and, therefore, they ventured to think that the anxiety of the Board of Agriculture to assist farmers was, in this matter, unnecessary, while it was a serious matter that an unscrupulous milk producer was afforded facilities for ascertaining, at practically no cost, how far he could lower the quality of the milk without fear of prosecution.Although it was stated in the calendars of several Colleges that the certificates given in connection with this work must not be used in cases under the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts or Fertilisers and Feeding Stuffs Act, there was much proba- bility that such certificates would be referred to if a prosecution should arise on any sample which had been examined by one of the Colleges. The Government Laboratory had already had experience of a case in which a State-aided Institution assisted in the defence of a prosecution under the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts.In this case, the Institute had ventured to send a protest, and the authorities of the Institution had given the assurance that such an occurrence should not be repeated. The institute earnestly hoped that the Board might see its way to request the Colleges to discontinue such practice, especially in view of the discouragement to students to train for the profession of Chemistry, being thus deprived of prospects of practice. Dr. Somerville said that he was not aware that the Colleges were undertaking work apart from the milk tests ; upon which Mr. Howard gave the names of several Colleges which undertook such work.Sir William Kamsay suggested that the farmers and their sons should learn chemistry. He showed that if the practice G of analyses at the Colleges were continued, it might become a serious matter for the profession, and, speaking as a teacher, he thought that it would affect the prospects of the students trained as chemists. He thought that Mr. Howard had shown that a distinction should be drawn between information and education. Professor Thomson said that he did not think that grants for education should be applied to analysis, and concurred in Sir William Ramsay’s view that it might in time become a serious matter for the profession. Dr. Thorpe said that milk tests were necessary, as the quality of milk might, without adulteration, easily fall below the standard in the cases of farmers who had very few cows.Facilities should be afforded to such farmers to protect them, when innocent, from prosecution, and he thought the I3oard had done well in providing such facilities. Mr. Fellowes said that the matters would receive careful consideration. The Board did not want to do anything which would injure the profession of chemistry. Since the interview no communication on this matter has been received from the Board. In this connection, it may be mentioned that, during the past few months, the Corporation of an important city decided to ask the local University College to undertake temporarily the duties of Public Analyst.It may be questioned whether such action was legal under Section 13 of the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts. However, the Council were informed that the authorities of the College had resolved not to give permission to any member of the staff of the College to undertake the work. 7 National Physical Labopatory.-In January, 1904, the attention of the Council was directed to a case under the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts, in which a druggist was charged by the Poplar Borough Council, on the certificate of their Public Analyst, with selling adulterated cod-liver oil. At the request of the defendant’s legal representative, a portion of the sample was sent to the Government Laboratory, where the analysts found that the sample was not cod-liver oil as defined by the British Pharmacopceia, and they issued a certificate to that effect, which practically confirmed the opinion of the Public -4nalyst.When the case was re-heard, the representative of the defendant produced a certificate, signed by the Director of the National Physical Laboratory, giving certain physical and chemical characters for the oil and stating that, in the opinion of the Director, the material answered to all the requirements for cod-liver oil. Moreover, an assistant in the National Physical Laboratory attended and gave evidence in support of the certificate. The case was decided upon the certificate issued by the Govxnment Laboratory, and the defendant was condemned in three guineas costs. It being the opinion of the Council that the National Physical Laboratory was not established for the purpose of intervening in prosecutions under the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts, the President of the Institute addressed a letter to Lord Rayleigh, as Chairman of the Executive Committee of the National Physical Laboratory, expressing the opinion that, in undertaking work of this kind, the Laboratory had gone quite beyond the purposes contemplated when it was founded, and in respect of which it was maintained by public funds. He pointed out that such action, if continued, would work detrimentally to and encroach upon the liberties of pro-fessional chemists.On behalf of the Council, he expressed the wish that the Executive Committee of the National 8 Physical Laboratory would assure them that they neither approved nor would allow the continuance of such procedure.The reply received from Lord Raylejgh led the Council to believe that the Executive Committee had no intention of interfering further with the practice of professional chemists, and for this reason no mention of the matter appeared in the PYoceedings. He also stated that the special piece of work to which the President had referred ‘‘was undertaken by inadver- tence in consequence of a misunderstanding.” In May last, however, the attention of the Council of the Institute was directed to a number of letters, which appeared to them to be evidence that the staff of the National Physical Laboratory were prepared to undertake routine tests of the nature of ordinary professional practice.A further letter, therefore, was addressed by the President to Lord Rayleigh, referring to the assurance given by him that the Executive Committee had no intention that the Laboratory shou!d be so used, and urging on behalf of the Institute that the staff of the Laboratory should not undertake work which lies within the province of the practising chemist. The reply received from the Director was not regarded by the Council as satis- factory in view of the methods of the staff in dealing with prospective clients therein disclosed. The ‘‘ Test Pamphlet ” issued by the Laboratory, which is the list of charges for work done, contains the statement that the Chemical Division only undertakes work in connection with materials sent to the Laboratory for other tests, and in Lord Rayleigh’s first letter to the Institute it was stated that, except in a few cases, the chemical work is limited to work done on materials sent for complete tests.The Director sent a copy of a letter, which he had written in answer to a client who had enquired about the charges for the chemical analysis of some brasses, in which he stated that the Laboratory Committee were of opinion that “at present ” the staff should not diverge from their practice of only making chemical analyses in cases in which materials were submitted for physical tests, and con-cluded-“unless therefore you desire to have some of the physical qualities of properties of your brasses examined along with the chemical, we should not be able, as at present advised, to undertake the work.” In view of the repetition of the expression ‘‘at present ” and in view of the implied invita- tion to the client to have physical tests made, in order that the brasses might also be chemically analysed, the Council did not feel assured that it was not the intention of the Laboratory at some future date to undertake routine tests and analyses which are efficiently carried out at present by private practitioners. It was decided to ask Lord Rayleigh to meet the President arid other members of the Council of the Institute, and an interview took place at the rooms of the Royal Society on Wednesday, the 5th of July.The President was accompanied by three members of the Council, namely, Dr. Edward Divers, F.R.S., then President-elect of the Society of Chemical Industry, Mr. Edward Bevan, President of the Society of Public Analysts, and Mr. Bertram Blount. The attention of Lord Rayleigh was directed to certain clauses of the Report of ‘the Treasury Committee (1898)~ particularly Clause 9, which is as follows :-!I. There is much evidence that further facilities are neetlcd by the public for the standardising and verifying of instruinents, both for scientific and commercial use ; and also that it would be of great benefit to trade if means were provided for the pnblic testing of tlic quality of certain classes of materials. In particular thc Committee desire to draw attention to the evidence which has been laitl before thein as to the difficulties arising in certain Ooverrinicnt Departments in their dealings with contractors and others which might be overcome by the establishment of an independent testing authority.It would neither be necessary nor desirable to compete with or interfere with the testing of inaterials of various lrintls as now carried out in private or other laboratories ; but there are many special and important tests and investigations into thc strerigth and hehaviour of materials which might be conducted with great advantage at a laboratory such as is contemplated in the reference. As illustrations we may mention investigations into the behaviour of metals and other substances under continuous or alternating strcsses, which investigations are not.so far as we know, conducted at the present time at any testing institution in this country, and which could only be undertaken with satisfactory and authoritative results at a public laboratory. There are other investigations, such as those into the strength ant1 durability of metals, as influenced by alloying, which are of great importance in connection with the industrial interests of this country, and which would fall very properly, in our opinion, among the duties of a public institution. Again, the pressure of the wind on surfaces of differing areas and shapes is a subject which demand? public investigation, and which, though it is a matter of great importance as affecting structurcs, has never been, we believe, authoritatively determined.We could give other instances of the same nature, and have merely referred to the above subjects as examples of such matters as would, in our opinion, be proper for investigation at a public institution, as distinguii.hcc1 from the ordinary testing of materials used in commerce or in constrnctioii and machinery, which can be ant1 is now efficiently conducted at private cstnhlishments. Clause 18 further defines the work to be done as that ‘c for which no adequate provision is at present made.” Lord Rayleigh was unable to give the representatives of the Council any further assurance on the position, but promised to lay the matter before the Executive Committee of the National Physical Laboratory. Subsequently, a further interview took place between the Executive Committee of the,Laboratory and a number of representatives of the Society of Chemical Industry, at which it was agreed that the Committee would consider a letter from the President of that Society with suggestions as to the modification of the Director’s letter referred to above, and would revise the (‘Test Pamphlet ” containing the list of work undertaken at the Laboratory. Although changes might follow on the consideration of these suggestions, an article by the Director appeared in the (c Engineering Supplement ” of The Tzwzes, dated the 27th of September, which showed an inclination on the part of the Director to disregard the opinions laid before the Executive Committee by those interested in the welfare of professional 11 chemists. This action, however, served the purpose of illus- trating the justice of the views held by the Council, inasmuch as the articles and correspondence which appeared on the subject in The Times and other journals severely criticised the practice which the Council desire to see discouraged.In the interests of the Laboratory the Council decided to avoid, if possible, public controversy on the matter, and for the present, therefore, Lord Rayleigh has been asked again to submit the views held by professional chemists to the Executive Com- mittee of the National Physical Laboratory for their grave consideration.The Council are of opinion that the Laboratory is not justified, under the provisions of the Report of the Treasury Committee of 1898, which define the objects for which it was founded, in undertaking routine tests, whether chemical or physical, which can be and are carried out efficiently by private practitioners. The question of testing materials was outside the terms of reference to the Treasury Cornmittee, and it is not surprising, therefore, to find that the inclusion of this work in the reconi- mendations of the Committee was accompanied by a very careful definition as to what was intended. The words “ test-ing materials ” which appear in the first of the conclusions of the Report, can be interpreted only in conjunction with sec-tion 9, quoted above.From a careful scrutiny of this section, it appears that the Treasury Committee employed the term “materials” in the general sense and not as indicating samples of materials. Moreover, as might be expected, the section indicates that the Laboratory was to be for physical testing, and it is very emphatic in deciding that it should not be used for tests such as are now efficiently conducted in private establishments. Section 24 of the Report includes this state- ment : ‘‘ The results of the investigations undertaken at the request of private individuals should, except in special cases to 12 be approved beforehand by the governing body, be published or be accessible to the pulilic. . . .” It would be absurd to suppose that there would be any necessity to provide for the publication of the results of routine tests.To summarise the views of the Council, it may be stated that such routine testing of particular samples of materials does not come within the terms of section g of the Report of the Treasury Committee, is not of itntioiznl importance, and should not be conducted by a public State-aided institution. The opinion has therefore been expressed that it is desirable that those portions of the “Test Pamphlet” which relate to tests and analyses of this description should be deleted. Sale of Food and Drugs Acts, 1875-1899.-1n answer to the memorial addressed by the Association of Public Analysts of Scotland to the Local Government Board for Scotland, referred to in the Annual Report of the Council, the Association was informed that the Board had not asked local authorities for information regarding test samples when analysed by persons other than Public Analysts, and that they in no way encouraged the analyses of such samples by other than analysts appointed under the Acts.With regard to the question of the tenure of office of Public Analysts, the Board expressed its sympathy with the views of the Association to the extent that it was conscious of the importance of maintaining the independence of the analyst’s position; it regretted that the formation of joint committees for the execution of the Acts-a policy which appeared to the Board to possess many advantages-had in some instances led to the removal of an analyst from office, or at least to his supersession. When proposals for a joint committee were brought before it, it would endeavour to see that substantial regard was paid to the rights of the existing analysts, subject to the other interests involved.13 The Council of the Institute strongly supported the views of the Association, and addressed a communication to the Board expressing the hope that, in view of the high qualifica- tions required, it would as far as possible obtain security of tenure of office for professional chemists holding these important appointments Fertilisers and Feeding Stuffs Act, 1893.-Fellows holding appointments as District Agricultural llnalysts will be interested to learn that a Special Committee was appointed by the Council to consider the recomniendations attached to the Report of the Departmental Committee appointed by the Board of Agriculture to enquire into and report on the working in Great Britain of the Fertilisers and Feeding Stuffs Act, 1893 (Cd.2372). The Special Committee reported to the Council in April, and it was resolved to subniit their opinions to the Board of Agri-culture for consideration. With reference to the recommenda- tion (c), dealing with the question of test samples, the Council consider it desirable that all test samples of subjects coming under the Fertilisers and Feeding Stuffs Act, taken under the direction of the local authority, should be submitted to and examined by the District Agricultural Analyst approved by the Eoard of Agriculture.This is important, in view of the fact that it has been brought to the notice of the Institute that such test samples have, in some instances, been sub-mitted to persons who have no qualifications to perform such analyses. \Tith reference to the recommendation (d), dealing with the question of forwarding the invoice relating to a substance of which a sample is submitted for analysis, the opinion was expressed that when a purchaser submitted a sample to the District Agricultural Analyst he might omit the name of the seller or any matter identifying the seller, but that he should 14 inform the analyst of the exact description of the goods and the guarantee under which they had been purchased, so as to show what was to be determined.With reference to recommendation (f ), containing the suggestion that the District Agricultural Analyst should reside in the district for which he acts, the opinion was expressed that such an arrangement was neither necessary nor, as a rule, advisable. In view of the greatly increased responsibility proposed to be placed on District Agricultural Analysts, and the desirability that these officials should be highly qualified in analytical and agricultural chemistry, the Council suggested (I) that it would be desirable to formulate regulations as to the competency of analysts appointed under the Act, and (2) that the Board might see its way to accept the qualifications of the Institute, together with evidence of experience in agricultural chemistry and analysis, as proof of competence for such appoint- ment.Further, the Board were informed that while the Council believed that the recognition of such qualifications would be found quite satisfactory, they would be willing, if the Board so desired, to consider the question of instituting an examination, open to Fellows and Associates, in agricultural chemistry and analysis, to be conducted on lines approved by the Board, much in the same way as in the case of the special examination for candidates desirous of beconiing Public Analysts, which is conducted on lines approved by the Local Government Board. With reference to recommendation (v), viz., that the Board should take steps to procure uniformity of procedure in the analysis of fertilisers and feeding stuffs, the majority of the Council were unable to approve of the proposal.It was suggested to the Board, however, that in the event of inquiry being made into the question, the Council would be willing, if the Board approved, to appoint witnesses to give evidence on such matters. In reply, a letter was received from the Board, expressing its thanks to the Council for acquainting it with the above views, and stating that the Board ~ould give careful con-sideration to the opinions expressed by the Council when fresh legislation on the subject should be undertaken. ‘‘ Chemical Examiners” in India.-At the Annual General Meeting, the President mentioned in his address that the Government of India, with the object of encouraging officers of the Indian Medical Service to become qualified in chemistry, had passed and issued a resolution to the effect that in selecting probationers for the Chemical Examiners’ departments, pre-ference would, cgtevis pnvibus, be given to officers who had passed the examinations of the Institute or equivalent examina- tions, and that for appointments as Chemical Examiners, preference would be given to probationers possessing the diploma of Fellow or Associate of the Institute, or equivalent degree or diploma.The Government of India asked the Council whether they would be willing to relax any of the regulations in the event of an officer of the Indian Medical Service desiring to take the examinations.The matter has received the careful attention of the Council, who have inquired into the courses of training given at the Royal Army Medical College, and have considered applications from a few officers of the Indian Medical Service. After full investigation, the Council found they were unable to formulate a definite regula- tion for such cases, but they resolved to consider each application on its merits, according to the training and experience of each individual. This decision was communicated to the India Office, and, at the same time, the Council expressed their appreciation of the desire of the authorities to promote the efficiency of professional chemists in India.Regu1ations.-The regulations have been revised in order to incorporate the alterations of which the Council have from time to time given notice. The question of allowing certain exemptions to candidates with University degrees and similar diplomas formed the subject of discussion at a special Meeting of the Council; but no alteration was judged advis- able, the opinion being that, having regard to the increasing value of science degrees, the imposition of additional examinations should be avoided, as far as may be con-sistent with the desire to promote efficiency. It must be remembered that where candidates for the Final Examination have been exempted from passing the Intermediate Examina- tion, the examiners are empowered, if they deem such cz course advisable, to extend the period of examination in order to test the gerted knowledge of chemistry possessed by such candidates. Institutions.-A number of applications have been received from institutions desiring to be recognised for the training of candidates for the examinations of the Institute.It has been resolved that, subject to the usual conditions, the University of Sydney, New South Wales, be added to the list of recognised institutions ; that the degree of BSc. (Sydney) in Chemistry and Physics be recognised under Section VI., Clause 2, of the Regulations, as entitling the holder to admission to the Intermediate Examination; and that the degree with honours be recognised under Section VII., Clause 2, as entitling the holder to apply for admission to the Final (A.I.C.) Examination. It has been decided that pupils at the Merchant Taylors’ School, London, who are over seventeen years of age and have passed an approved preliminary examination, and who are taking a course approved by the Council of the Institute, shall be allowed to be registered for one year as students under a Fellow of the Institute, who is a science master in the school.The Council have agreed to accept such training as equal to six months at a fully recognised institution. 17 Examinations.---'l'he Reports of the Examiners have been received on Intermediate and Final Examinations held in April and JLI~~,and 011 a Final Examination in Biological Chemistry held in October.Sixty-nine Candidates have been examined, of whom forty-two have passed. The l'ass lists and particulars of the exercises set on these occasions are published in this issue of the Pyocerdbzgs. It is satisfactory to note that since the establishment ~'fthe Exainination in Biological Cliemistry, a number of recopised Institutions have arranged courses of instructioii , on lines recommended by the Council, for the preparatioli of candidates intending to take the Associateship in this 1)rancli. The tlianks of the Council have been accorded to the Senate of the Royal University of Ireland for allowing the use of its Laboratories for an examination in April, and to Dr. llT.1:. .\clcney for superintending the examination.The scheme of Examiiiations in Technical Chemistry which the Council have decided to adopt, and which has been already sent to the Fellows and Associates, is again published in this issue, together with notes on the work of the Special Commit tee. Mr. Richard J. Friswell has been nominated as the repre- sentative of the Institute on the Joint Committee (for Great Britain) of the International Congress of Applied Cliemistry to be held in Rome in April, 1906. 18 OBITUARY. WILLIAM AGKROYDdied at Halifax, on the 9th of May, at the age of 51. He received liis training at the Hoyal Coilege of Science, Lon(Ioi1, ant1 at first practised professional chemistry in his native town, Powerby 13ritlgc. From there he moved to Halifax, where he held an appointment as teacher of chemistry in the local technical school ; and.later, in 1886,he was appointccl Public Analyst for that Borough. He was elected a Fellow of tlie Institute in 1878. JOHN BULLOCKLT~OYD died in London on the 3rd of Jnne, at the age of 93. He was originally apprenticed to Mr. \jrilliltins, a cliemist and tlruggiytof Newtown, ant1subsequently studied chemistry, iintier Dumas, in Paris, arid under Licbig, at Giesseri. arid toxicology under Orfila. In 1841, lie coinrnencetl business as an operative and pharmaceutical chemist, atid was the last SUI viv-ing founder of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. In 1843. hc was prominent in the foundation of the old College of Chemistry, and was ~iartlyinstrumental in securing, as its first l’ro€es\or, August Wilhelm Hnfniann, with whom hc had worked at Giessen.At the requcst of its author, Ite trarislntcd and cditctl several editions of ‘(Elrc~eniub’ Chemical Analysis.” He was an original Fellow of the Institute. SAMUELDALZIET,died at, Smyrna, in April last, in his K3r(l year. He received his training in chemistry urider thc late Profesior Penny, at tile Andersoniaii University, and under Dr. <Johti Clark, at Glnsgow. He was for a time engagcd in the manufactui-e of drugs and of sulphuric acid, but from the age of 27 he devoted himself to analytical :md consulting chemistry, and practised, at different periods, in New Yorli, Gl+sguw, and finally in Smyrna, where hc itmairiecl. for over %O year<,and where he was a recogriisctl authority in tlie opium trade.He was elected a Fcllow of the Institute in 1888. CHA~~LEYROBERF CLARKE TICHEORNE diet1 at Dixlditi, on the 1st of May. He was born at, Birmingham in 183!1, ancl was educated there. At the age of 14 he was apprenticed its a chemist in a chemical manil-factoiy, where he i einainetl for 6 yearlj. He subscquently studied, untlcr. Hofmann, at the College of Chemiitry. Since 18.59, hc controlled the laboratories of Apothecaries Hall of Ireland, with which he was aisociatc 1 until tlie time of his tleath. In 1872,lic kcaiue lecturer on chemistry at the Carmichael School of Nedicine. In 1875, he was one of the founder.; of the Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland. arid three years later became its T’rcsitlent.holding that office until 1883. In 1889, he quaiifiecl as a Licentiate of thc Royal College of Surgeonr (Irclancl) arid, in 1890, he took the I). P. I€. of that College. IIe was the representative of tlie Irish Apothec:Lries’ Hall on the General Medical Council, and assisted in the conipillttiori of the Kritiih I’harmacopceia, 1895. He was also Public Analyst for the County of Long-ford, and the inventor of a process for collecting arid liquefying carbonic acicl gas in breweries. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute soon after it5 foundation. 19 Abstracts of the Reports of Examiners. INTERMEDIATE AND FINAL EXAMINATIONS ; APRIL, 1905. Exniitiraevs iit Chenaistvy : \%'ALTER ~~'ILLIAMFISHER,M.A.(Oxon.), F.I.C. GEORGE HENDERSON,GERALD M.A., 11.S~.(Glasgow), F.I.C. Exnwziitev iiz Thevnpeutics, Pknvnzncology,nitd Micvoscop y , FREDERICK HOPKINS,GOWLAND D.Sc. (Lond.), M.B., M.,1. (Cantab.), F.I.C., F.K.S. The Examinations began on Tuesday, April 4th, and were continued to the end of the week, the work on Saturday being only for the Candidates in Eranch ''E " taking the Examina- tion in Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Microscopy. Twenty-seven Candidates presented themselves for the Examinations, twenty-five being examined at the laboratories of the Institute, and two in the laboratories of the Royal University of Ireland under the supervision of Dr. I\'. E. Adeney, F.I.C. The numbers in each 13ranch, with the numbers of those who passed, are given in the following tables :-No.l,xalllLlled. Interinedinte Examination ......... 6 ... Final Ex:miinntion for A.I.C. :-(13ranch "d." Inorganic Cherniitry) ... 7 ... Li(Branch D," Organic Chemistry) ... 5 ... (Branch "I<;,'' Analysis of B'oocl i~iidDrugs, and of 'l\'xter ............ S ... 6 Spccial Examinntion for F.I.C.. in Branch " 1 ... 1 Totals ......... 27 1ci- 20 In both the Intermediate and the Final Esaniination a number of Candidates submitted records of original work. The following Candidates passed the Intermediate Examination : Kettle, ,James Davit1 ......... R.Sc. (1,ontl.). Unclcr Alexander Scott, M.A., L).Sc..F.R.&.,F.I.C.;Ilaeatlain, Elison Ann ......... Thc University, aiid Heriot-Watt Coll., ICtlinburgh ; also under the late W.Ivisoii Macadam, V.I.C., nnrl undcr Stevenson J. C. G. Macaciani, P'.I.C. :and at King's Coll., Lon(lon. Sininitins, liobert ............ King's Coll., 1,oiiclon. The following Candidates passed the Final Examination for the Associateship (A.I.C.) : InUtwiwfi ii d *' (Mi?i~~t*~(?Pltritt istry). Alexantler, Janic.; ............ C;lac;gt)w nntl Wcyt of Scot land Tech. Coll. O'Shaughnessy, Eernard ......... Assoc. R.C.Sc. (Lorid.). Khotles, Etlwin ............ K.Sc. (Vict.). CTniv., 1,eects. lit Bmnrk Li D " (Organic C'7~rmistryj. Auld, Samuel James Manson ...... Ph. D. (Wiiizburg). Crtiv. of Leipig ant1 of Wiirzburg. Goodwin, Hcrii-y Wart1 ......... Univ.Coll., Nottingharn. Itobison, ltobcrt ............ Univ. Voll., Sottirigtimi. -TI?Bi*niic.lt l1 I<" (,I nul!/sis c!f &d a?id Urtigs, utid of Iliifrta, incltidiirgEmUI,i MI tt 0M i t? Y'h wupti tiPA, Ph(II*iit (1co1oy,ij,I. n(7 iI' ro.siwpy). Barncs, .Jnmes Hector ......... f3.S~.(13ii.m.). Univ.. Birmingharn.I3risbane, James TVilliani ...... King's Coll., London ;:~ndunder. A. ('.Chapman, F.I.C. ($air,I>uncari ............ 13.S~.(Lond.). Under A. Lap-worth, I>.Sc., F.I.C., :inti under .John Don, &LA.,B.Sc., F.T.C. Harrison, Hcniy (ieorge,G.A. (Cantab.) Sidney Sjnwx Coll., Cambridge ; King's Coll., London ;and under S. ltitlcnl, Il.Sc., F.I.C. l'ai B,Ho1ier.t ............ King's (Joll., London :and under J. &~lconcrKing. 17.1 .C.Race, Joseph ............ Owens ('oll., Mxrichestcr ; and untler 11. St.U. Iio'rs, $'.I.C'. The following Candidate passed the Final Examination (in Branch "E ") for the Fellowship (F.I.C.) : 13i*own7Arthur l~dgcoruie......... 13.S~. (Lond.). TJndcr It. JI. Harlnntl, F.I.C. 21 PAPERS AND EXERCISES SET AT THE APRIL EXAMINATIONS, 1905. Intermediate Examinations. GENERAL AND THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY n7mnLiY, -4mmw/,NO; : 10 N.lII. to 1 fl.JII. (Not inore than .fi~urqueition9, of which 2 01-4 Inu$t bc OIIC, :~rcto be :uiswwil. ) 1. Ur>sc.rihetlic extraction of lc ~(1from galcnii, civirig :t full cxl)liin:1- tion of the ieactions on which tlic 1)rocess IS based. Itow is tlie nictal Iburificd oii the commercial scde 1 Ukit is the wvtiori of w:itcr on lead, uncicr what coiiditions tlocs tlie action take place, ant1 what is the effect of the presence of such substances :is commonly occur in natural waters ! 2.How ic, ‘‘nitroglycerine ” iiiannfactu~*ecl Give an account of the? properties of this snbstai1c.e anti of its various iiitlnstrial apl’licntions. How would you propose to analyse a wnple of nitroglycerine, :xml liow coultl yocdemonstrate the constitution of the compound ! 3. Give an exact tlcscription of the triethotl of tletcrminirig tlie electrical conductivity of n salt solution. anti ex1)laii-i how the dcgree of dissociation of the salt mag be tletlucect from the results of conductivity experiments. 4. From what sourceh, ant1 in what mnnner, art: the pyritiiiie I):iicsobtained ? Describe the general chemical charactcr of these siibstancw, nnd state the grounds on which pyritline is lirltl to bc a cycalic c*oiripound.Name any alkaloids which are howl lo be tlerivntivcs of pyridinc. 5. hscribc any cxpcriincnts on the rntc of chemical charlye with which you arc acquairited, and state any general conclusions which have been arrivetl :It tliroagli thc expcrirnerital iiivestigntion of this subject. ti. Indicate the nicitliods by which the iiiore im1)ortnnt cuprow corn-pounds can he obtained, :itid cornpire their properties with those of the corresponding compountli of silver. For what purposes are cuprous salts chiefly used 7 2 p.nt. to 5 ]).I//. (Yot riiore than $/ur questions 811:to be answered.) 7.Describe the i)roces$ of extracting anthracene from coal tar arid purifying the crude product. \.\'list is the constitutional formula of anthra- cene, and how has it been cstablishctl P Mention threc derivativw of commercial importance, and explaik their relationsliip to tlie 1i~ciroc:ii bnn. 22 8. How woultl you proceed to prepare (I/) a dilute ac!ncons s~liitionof li~drocyanicacid, :~nd(h)th 'nriliytlrousacitl 1 Illustratc, by :I+ tnaiiy examples as you can give. the importance of hytlrocyaiiic acid nnci of its metallic salts iri synthetical organic chemisti y. 9. 1)exribe tlic mcthocls in use for thc yrqJnration of the hyposul- pliites, tliio\ulphates, and 1)crsulph:ites of the :~lltali inct:ils.Statc the c1i:irac;teristic properties of these salts. ant1 give examples of their use in the laboratory and for mail nfncturing purposes. 10. Starting with ethyl nlcohol antl concentrat ed snlphuric acitl, what substances could J ou obtain. antl how would you proceed to prepare nntl purify them ? Give a brief accouiit of the chemical cliaracter of cwh of the products. 11. Mention tlic aqueous qolntions which are in use for extracting poltl from its ores, and explain the chcniical action iii e:~chcase. How IS the gold recovered from thc solution\. and 110~-is it purificti. Point out :my resernb1:iiiccs l~ctweenthe compountls of goltl and those of mercury. 12. Give an account of the occurrencc. separation. and pinixrtic\ of the elements of tlie hcliuni family.What espc'rimentnl eviclcnce IS there that the molcciile of helium is nionatoinic ! Explain clcnrly the principle on which the method is bnsetl. PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY. Irri7DNh'iSD,11r, AYl/IL 5tS, 1905 10 cL,l//. to 4.30 2).///. 1. Test the sample of zinc dust (A) for mct:illic irnpritics. and determine the percentage of nietallic ~111~contained in it. (Zinc (lustcontaining 1 per cent. of .fL,i-i*?oi/ i*cd,rc'tuii/.) 2. Identify tlie ingredients of tlic mixture (n). (C:ilcinm citratc, nrea nitrate and starch ; calcium t:~i,trite, nric acitl, lactose ; 071~mixtuic 10 each candidate.) ~~~u~~s~L~IT,d1'1111, &+TI, 1'30.5 : 10 ~1.111. to 4.,?ojv./ii. 1. Investigate the substance (C), and tletcruiine the pciccntagc of one of its constituent elcmcrits by a 1)iocesswhich does not involve the use of combustion furnace.(Benzenesul1,lioiiamide ) 2. Aualyse qualitatively, ant1 if pos4blc identify, the mineixl (1)). (A pat i t e.) E~RIBAI:yipI/rL m,190.i : 10 (c.lil. to -t.:~l'./l/. 1. The solution (E) contains the chloride antl thc hypochlorite of sodium. Determine the quantity of each salt contained in one litre of the solution. 2. From the aromatic amitie (a)supplied to yon prepare a s1)ecinien of the corresponding phenol. Determine as many of tlic physical constants of the phenol as you can. (Para-toluidine.) 23 Final Examinations for the Associateship. Branch (LA.”-Mineral Chemistry. YUh’SDAI< APA’Tl; 4tl1, 1903 : 10 a.,~.to 4.30 J).ItL.Make a qualitative analysis of the basic dng; and determine the amounts of the three more abundant metallic conititucnts. (ll’?ie acid coxstituents s7~o~fld wot*h.)he pwsptwd for to-t~ior~~rro’s APRIL Fjth, 1!)05 10 a.t//. to 4.30 I).”?.TV71~DLYl~h’DLlIr, Determine the silica, phosphoric acid, anti sulphur in the slag. YTi€UI?~SDS3~APRIL 6th, 1905 : 10 lc.tIb. to 4.30 11.91. Identify the substances (J) (Cuprous sixlphocyanate) aiitl (K) (Barium borotungstatc). and estimate the proportions of two elcmcnts in (J). FBIDAY, APBIL 7tli, 1905 : 10 a.w. to 4.30 21.9~~. 1. Find the amofint of silver in the spccimen of lead oxide (L). 2. Determine the quantities of nitrite and nitrate in the alkaline salt (N). -17) (Ictndidate wi.9 EzuItriiird it1 UtwnrJL 13 ” 0)’ in Bmneh C” (PIlysi(Yr1 Branch ii D.”-Organ ic Chemistry.TUJASDAI? APIZtIL 4tl1, 1‘30.5: 10 u.111. to 4.30 p.1tt. 1. Determine, by a volumctric incthod, the percentngc of nmyl iiitritc in the alcoholic solution (A). 2. Investigate the substance (B) as completely as time will permit.(Amygdalin.) Leave on your bench purifietl spccimeris of as many products as you can obtain from it. IVTEDATEYDAY,APRTL 5tk, 1905 : 10 1r.tn. to 4.30 p.m. 1. The substance (C) is the acetyl derivative of an aminc. (Acct-nal,hthalide.) neterrnine ((1) the piwmtagc of acetyl contained in the bLIbStarlcC and (6) the molecular weight of the amirie by a chemical iiiethotl. 2. Examine the sampIe of spirit (1)) for irnpurities, and prepare from it a specimen of pure alcohol.(Ethyl alcohol contairiirig small quantities of aldehyde and pyridine.) ir.rrunm~u,uIm (;ti/,iw.5 : 10 fz.tll. to 4.30 p.nl. 1. The solution (E) contains the calcium salt of an organic acid. (C’nlcium lactate.) Prep:Lre a specinien of thc zinc salt, and estimate the percentage of zinc contained in it. 2. Identify the substance (G.) Prepare two characteristic derivatives, antt determine their physical constants as completely as time will permit. (Nonomethylanilinc, diplienylamine ; one to each candidate.) F€LIDA1; 21 PltLL Ttk, 1WL-i : 10 I/.///. tl! 4.30 //.I//. 1. bldie a qualitative analysis of the substance (M), ant1 tlclcrnii~ie its (1ii:mtitativc composition :I\ fully as tiirie will perinit.(Sotliuuiarsenio- tnrtrat e.) (BCfoi’E hyi ILiii it!/ tlt c puatifdi IT wo1h7c .Whiiiit Ii srli 111 P of a?tlxlyxis to tk~X.rn~iin~i3.) 2. Determine tlie specific rotation of tho snl~st:inc-Branch “E.”-The Analysis of Food and Drugs, and of Water. YT7h;SB,4 1; A PETL 4fJt,, 1905, 10 u.w. to 4.30 p./t/. 1. I\lnke an analysis of the sample of cheese. 2. Itleritify the given preimation. (Iron nniirioiiiuiti cityate. :tiid iron potassium tnitixtc ; onp to tach candiclste.) 1. lieport on the alcoholic stren<th of tlic rum. aiid detei*rninethe solitl residue. volntile acid, and proportion of (( ctliers.” in relation to 101~.000 volumes of absolute alcohol. 2. Esnrnine thc wine for Imiqori aiirl tletcrmiuc the ciimiitity pre?ent (Tartar emetic.quinine arsenite : ow iii cnch sample.) Candidates in Branch “E” of the Final Examinations were required to pass an Examination in Thera- peutics, Pharmacology, and Microscopy. 25 ktc 1-3s esatnlh, tlic plrenomciioii of aiitngonismin :he physiological action of drugs. 1)isting:uihh lxtwvn true :ciitagoiiisrn and the action of antidotes in general. 5. Give tlic full medicinal aiitl the uvernvc fatal (lows. for. ari adult. of the following : Chloral ligtlmte, carbolic acitl, bytlroc*yanicacid (in two per cent. solution). tartar cnictic. cotleia. Cundidnirx itr tli ix A’twnc1i worf c,mttiirid pty(~*tiruIf.t/(it/(? it~to~viyjutrd orally (is to ihc t*ec.ogiiitiorL tf I Yiftti iruIs iitd UI‘N!~.~. Examination in Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Mioruscopy, April Sth, 1905.Eleven Candidates presented themselves for this Examina- tion, including two Fellows of the Institute, and nine Candidates in Branch “E” of the Final Examination (the Analysis of Food and Drugs, and of IVater). The Examination included practical exercises in n‘Iicroscopy, and a paper in Therapeutics and Pharmacology. The Candidates were also examined orally in the recognition of drugs and poisonous chemicals, questions being put regarding the physiological action of common drugs, and the mode of their excretion. Itobert I:rooke Vlori~,F.1.C.. :LII(L William Thoma.; Itigby, F’. I.C., received the Certificate in these subjects. The Candidates in Branch “E” of the Final Examination are dealt with in the Report of the Examiners in Chemistry.Intermediate and Final Examinations, July, 190.5: The Esaminations were divided into two periods, of four days each, the first beginning on Tuesday, the 4th of July, and the second on Tuesday, the 11th of July, 1905. The former period was devoted to Candidates for the Intermediate Examination, and the latter to Candidates in Branches ‘(A,” 26 “D,” and “E ” of the Final Exaniination for the Associate- ship, one Candidate in Branch ‘‘E ’’ being exanlined for the Fellowship. Thirty-nine Candidates presented themselves for the Examinations, and the num1)ers in each I3ranch with the numbers of those who passed are shown in the following table :-lntermedintc E;xaminntioii ......Final Exaniinatioii Sor A.1.C. :--.; (Bi-,zrich‘a A ”) 3......... ... ... (Branch ‘-I)“) ......... ... fi ... (Branch ‘,lC ”) ...... Special Examination for F.I.(‘.(13r:tnch 4 ... x ... 4 “E.’) 1 ... 1 I_-3!) 24 In the Final Examination several Candidates submit tecl records of original work. The following Candidates passed the Intermediate Examination : Agnew, J:imes Watson ......... Ilalc, H~igliGordon ......... Dick, James. Juiir. ......... Hayworth. William 1%nce ...... Heilbrori. Isidore JIorvis ...... Innes, IioLirt Faraday ...... IKwis, Sam11el Jurld ......... IAiclioiish, Adrian Joseph Cliffoitl ... Okell. Fredericli IAgh ...... Page, lkgi11ald l’erci rnl ......Rawlins, 1Ieni.y Jnmcs Bil\vtrec ... \\’ootl, Den) s llicharti ......... Glaqgow 2nd JVcst of Scotland Tech. Coil. Finsbury Tech. Coll., Tmidon. Glwgow anti West of Scotland Tech. Coll. Finsburp ‘I‘cch. Coll., 1,o~itloii. (ilnsgc~w :mi We& of Scotland Tech. Coll. King’s Coll., London ;and the Univ. of Heitlelbcrg.Univ. Coll., 1,ondon : antl under A. G. Rloxam, B.I.C. King’? Coll., Loritlori ; antl under ,I. Kear Colwell, F.I.C. King’s Coll.) Lolidon ; arid nntler JV. 1’. J,ovrrc, F.T.C. Uiiiv. of I~irniingltnm; and under (;. C. Duncan, F.I.C. 23.S~.(Tmntl.). Urider I. S. Scarf, F.1.C. ; and H. Y. Imam, F.1.C.. Uriiv. of Biriiiingham. 27 The following Candidates passed the Final Examination: for the Associateship (A.I.C.) : In Bt*niic*7~ d '' (LJh'tie?wZ Pltciitiqstt+y).Hoblyn, John Bright ... . .. ... Assoc. 1LC.Sc. ( Loric1.f. Royal Col-lege of Scieiice, 1,ondon. James, Garnet Williams ... ... B.A. (Oxon.). Uriiverhities of Oxfortl and l3irniinghmn : mid uritler G.'l I H 011owas, 14' .T .C. Kingdon, Harry Horace ... ... J3.A.(Oxon.). University of Oxforc!. It1 ~mr~chIJ *' (~tyi/tii(achriiri.~ti*!/). Bain, Alexander William .. . .., B.A., B.Sc. (Lonrl.). University Col-lege, T,o r1 dor1. Chelie, Thomas William . . . ... Finshury Technical College. London. Hills, James Stuart ... ... ... School of the l'hnrmnceutical Society ; and King's College, 1,011(Ion.Twiq Douglas Frank ... ... ... M.Sc. (Birm .). C'niversity of Bir-mingham.The following Candidate passed the Final Examination (Branch "E ") for the Fellowship (F.I.C.) : Harrison, Etlwaid Frank ... ... B.Sc. (Lorid.). School of the Piiar-maceulical So-iety, London. 28 PAPERS AND EXERCISES SET AT THE JULY EXAMINATIONS, 1905. Intermediate Examination. July 4th to 7th, 1905. GENERAL AN 1) THEORETI(’AI, CHEJlISTlLT. 11i7i3SDAIT,JL-LY 4tA, 1905 : 10 a.w. to 1p.m. {Not inore thaii jiizw qucstioiis, of mhich 2 or 4 must bc om, arc to be answered.) 1. Give :ti1 account of tlic modes of preparai,ioii xiid the properties of nitrow acid arid the corresponding aiihj dridc. How :4re alkali nitrites manufactured? Give exainples of the principal uscs of these salts. 2. Name the iiiorc important liquid products of tlie destructive distillation of wood, and explain how they can be separihted and purified.Describe briefly tlie chemical character of each product.3. What osy-acids of sulphur, other than sulphuric acid, can be obtained from sulphurous acid or froin sulphites ? Indicnte the iriost suitable nicthods of preparation and state the priiicipal properties of these acids or their salts. 4. Describe the inethodi by which fuinaric acid mid iiinlcic acid can be prepared. State the evidence in support of the coiicluiion that these acids have the same constitution, and account for thc iwnierisin which they exhibit. 5. Statc the law of niws action, avid cxpluiii it as fiilly as you caii byreference to resctioiis be tweeii substsiices 111 tlie gascouh \Late and iii solutioii.6. Describe exactly tlic process by which you would procccd to prepare pure anhydrous :bluminiuin chloride. What molecular formula is assigiicd to this salt, anit on wliat grounds ? Illustrate by exainples the use of aliiinini~uu chloride as a spthetic rcapit. 2 27.1’2. to 5 P.7lZ. (Not 11101(’ tlim jbw questionr, of which 2 or 5 must k)c one, arc to be answered.) 1. B’roin what natural soiirces is lithium usually obtaiiied, and how can it be separated froin thc other alkali metals? Goniparc the chemical character of lithium with that of sodium by reference to the principal compounds of each as well as to the elements. 29 2. From what sources and in what 1ii:tnner are peiitosus obtained ? State the reactions by which they can be distinguishcd froiii hexo,w, and outline the processes by which pentoses can be converted into hexow?, and hexoses into peiitoses.3. Suggest methods for the recovery or utilisatioii of the sulphur in alkali waste, the manganese in liquors from chlorine stills, and the platinum in platinum residues. 4. Define the ternihcat of forination, and show how the heat of forma-tion of a hydrocarbou can be determined. Discuss the relationshi}) between the heat of forination ant1 the stability of compounds. Chlculate the heat of forination of potassium hydroxide froin the following data : I< + H,O + -4q =KOH Bq + IT + 481K 2EI + 0 =H,O + 684K KOH + Aq =IiOH Aq + 133K 5. Give a clcar account of the reactioiis by which thc r'olatio~iof a rosaniliiie salt to the parent hydrocarbon can be exhi1)iteil.How is magenta manufactured, and how are the tinctoriul properties of the coin-pound affected by the introduction of allryl or argl groups ? 6. Make 3 full comparison of the chemical character of tin nit11 that of silicon and of lead by reference to the principal eompoundi of those clements which are of siniilar composition. Describe in outliire thc methods of obtaiiiing the compounds of ti11 which ;&rereferred to in your answer. WEDNESDAY, JLTLY 5fh, 1905: 10 CL.W. to 4.30 ~.>IL. 1. 112 the specimen of basic bismuth nitrate A, estimate (a) the metal and (b) the nitric acid, the latter by a gasometric method. 2. Identify the substance B, and prepare froin it at least oil( derivative.(Xethyl acetate, ethyl formate, ethyl oxalate ; o~cto each candidate.) l'HLTRSDAZ', JUL 1' Gfh, 1005: 10 a.m. to 4.30 ~),?)i. 1. llttke a qualitative analysisof the mixturc C. (Cadmiuin broniide, sodiuni arsenatc. calciuin tartrate; borax, ferric phoipliatc, ~ocliuni salicylate ; siiiiiioniuiii oxalate, aluminium phosphate, xiuc C:LI I~or~ate; one mixture to ettch candidate.) 2. Determine, by Kjeldahl's method, the pcrceiit:igp of riitrogcn in the substaricc T>. (Henzamidcj. Sscertain thc typc of coinpou~~tl to which the substance belongs. li'l?IDALT) JL%Y 7th, 1905: 10 U.W. fo 4.30 2).91t. 1. Detcrmiiie the specific gravity of the sodium mialgain I+', n~ld 2. Identify the salt G, and detcrniinc the ratio of metal to dcid in estimate the percentage of sodium which it contains.the salt. (Potassium tetroxalate.) 30 Final Examinations for the Associateship. Branch ‘‘A.“-Mineral Chemistry. TUESDAY, JULY llth, 190;: 10 a.m. to 4.30 23.71~. i2n:Llyse tho specimen of Chromite H. The chromium may be estimated volumetrically, and the other constituents by any convenient method. WEDXESDAY,JULY 12tl4 1905: 10 a.m. !o 4.30 p.m Examine the given liquid J, and ascertain what products are formed by the action of water upon it. (Phosphorus tribromide). Determine the percentage of each constituent and find a formula for the liquid. THURSDAY, JULY 13th, 1905 : 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. Find the composition of the polishing powder R, and ascertain the proportions of the chief constituents.FRIDAY, JULY 14tlz, 1905: 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. 1. Analyse the gaseous mixture L (GO, CO,, and air). 2. Identify the mineral l.1 (Arsenical nickel), and if time allows find the amount of its major constituent. No Camdidate was exnmiyzed in Bra+zcl~(( B ” (llletallwgical Chemistry), or irz Braizclz (( C ” (Physical Chemistry). Branch ‘‘D.”-Organic Chemistry. TUESDAY, JULY llth, 1805 : 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. 1. Determine the percentage of kalogen in the substance A. (Phcnyl-hydraxine hydrochloride). Identify the substance :md I)reparc two characteristic derivative?. 2. The substance I3 is the sodium sdt of an organic acid. (Sodiumstearate). Estimate the sodium, and ascertain the series to which the acid belongs.WEDNESDA4Y, JULY 12th) 1905 : 10 a.m. to 4.30 2i.m Determine the pertenta;c of methosyl in th? substance E. (Quinine). Investigate the constitution of the substance as coinplctelg as tiiiie will permit. 31 l’HUI?SDAY, JliLY 13th, 1905: 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m 1. Identify the substance C, and ascertain whether it contains any impurity (Levulose with a small quantity of Dextrose). 2. Separate the coniponents of the mixture of %mines D, aad prepare a pure specimen of each (o-Toluidine and Quinoliiic). FRIDAI, JULY 14th, 1905 : 10 a.m. io 4.30 21.71~. The oil G is largely coinposed of a phenol. Separatc the phenol, determine its molecular weight by the cryoseopic method, and investigate it as fully as possible (Oil of cloves).Branch 6‘ E.”-The Analysis of Food and Drugs, and of Water. TUESDAY, JLTLY llth, 1905: 10 a.m. to 4.30 21.w~ 1. Analyse the sample of Pea Flour P, and estimate thc ash, moisture, fat and proteids. 2. Report 011 the preservative solution Q.R.(Boro-glycerine, aniinonium borate ; oize to each candidate). WEDlVESDAY, JCLY 12th, 1905: 10 a.912. to 4.30 p.w~. 1. Detcrinine the proportion of alkaloid in the given liquid S. (Solutions of St,.ychnine sulphate, and Quinine sulphatc ; om to each candidate). 2. Esaniiiie the Honey T, or the Syrup V, for starch glucose. THURSDAF, JL-LY 13tli, I905 : 10 a.m. to 4.30 pm. 1. Identify the drugs, W (Epsom Salts), and X (Calomel:; test for impurities, and estimate the amount of impurity in one of them.2. Report on the Spirit of Nitre Y, and state whether it is of tlie strength prescribed by the British I’harniacopceia. F’RIDAY, JULY 14t12, 1905: 10 a.7)~.to 4.30 ~.uz. 1. AnalFse the sample of water (recording the number on the label), 2. Report on the Lemonade Powder Z. ai:d give an opini(iii :LS to its Gtnec5 for clomestic purposes. Candidates in Branch ‘‘ E ” of the Final Examinations were required to pass an Examination in Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Microscopy. 32 M01VDL4Y, JULY loth, 1905; 2 p.m. to 5p.m. 1. Examine microscopically the sediment and suspended matter in A, giving a full account of their nature. 1ie:tve prepared slides on yo-ur bench. 2. Report, from inicroscopical examination alone, upon Ihe sample of Cocoa B.3. Identify and fully describe the preparations C and D. 4. What is meant by the terms “acute ” and “chronic” as applied to poisoning? How do acute and chronic symptoms differ in thc cases (a) of arsenic, and (b) of lead. 5. Give the full medicinal doses of paregoric and of Fowler’s solution for an adult and for a child aged three years. Give the full medicinal and the avcrage toxic doses of potassii chloras, phenazonum, atropinE sulphas, and tinctura digitalis. State also the average fatal doscs of phosphorus, oxalic acid, and carbolic acid. Candidates in this BranclL zcerc c~uminctlp-uctically aid interrogated ovrillg us to t7ie vxognitio7b oj Chemicals and Drugs.Examination in Therapeutics, Pharmacology, and Microscopy, July loth, 1905. Thirteen Candidates presented themselves for this Exa- mination. Of these, nine were Candidates in Branch “ E ” of the Final Examination (the iZnalysis of Food and Drugs and of LVater), and the remaining four were Fellows of the Institute. The Examination consisted of exercises in Microscopy and questions in Therapeutics and Pharmacology ; the Can- didates were also examined, uizd-vuce, in the recognition of drugs and poisonous chemicals. The following Fellows received thc Certificate in these subjects :-Benjamin Arthur Burrell, William Beamont Hart. George Nevi11 Huntly, H.Sc , Assoc. R C.Sc. (Lond.), and John Henry Sugden, M.Sc. (Vict.). Thc Candidates in Ilranch “ E ” of the Final Examination are dealt with in the Report of the E3xaminers in Chemistry.33 Final Examination for the Associateship in Biologica1 Chemistry, October, 1905. Exniiziaer $it Biological Chemistry : ADRIANJOHK BROWN, F.I.C.M.Sc. (BIRM.), The Examination commenced on Tuesday, the 17th day of October, and extended over four days. Three Candidates presented themselves. The papers given consisted of practical exercises in (i.) general bacteriological methods, (ii.) the chemical examination of sewage and effluents, (iii.) the detection and estimation of carbohydrates, (iv.) methods of working with and identifying enzymes. The Candidates were also examined orally on subjects in connection with their work.The Examiners in General Chemistry concurred with the Examiner in Biological Chemistry in the result. Two Candidates passed : Hind, Herbert Lloytl ... . . . .. . K.3c. (Lontl.). ITnirei-sity College. Nottingham ; ant1 under ,l. Leicester. P1i.D.. F.I.C. Simmons. Itobert . .. . .. .. . King’s College. London : ant1 under H. Droop Hichmonrl, V.I.C. The following exercises were given :-TUESDAY, OCTOBER17~~,1905: 10 a.m. to 4.30 ~.in. 1. Compare the influence of the given antiseptic when diluted to +RD, with a dilution of carbolic acid of similar strength, on the vitality of 13.coli, a culture of which is supplied. The maximum time of contact need not exceed 30 minutes. 2. Determine the number of organisms present in the given sample of impure water, and ascertain the efficiency of the given filter in removing the organisms from the water.(NOTE.-TILCnecessary coizcliiding work may be conkintied dtwiizq the following daps of tl~eexantination, but the Ca.lzdidate mwt describe in his notes to-day what he proposes to do to contplete tlie cxercise.) WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER MTH, 1905: 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. 1. Make a chemical examination of the given sample of scmage, and test specially for the presence of chemical waste which might interfere with its successful treatment by bacterial methods. 2. Make a chemical examination of the given sample of sewage effluent and report on the efficiency of the treatment it has received. State in your report if the offluent is ccmparable to the sewage analysed.(NOTE.-Necessary concluding work may be contimued during the followingday of the examination, but the Candidate ?nust describe in his notcs to-day what he proposes to do to complete the e.x.ercise.) THURSDAY, OCTOBER19~~,1905: 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. The given solution contains sodium chloride and two of the following carbo-hydrates-cane sugar, dextrose, levuloee, and maltose. Ascertain the mature of the sugars present and determine the amounts present in 100 C.C. of the solution. NOTE.-If mcccssary this work may be comcluded to-?norrow, bat the Camdidate must describe in his notes to-day what he proposes to do.) FRIDAY, OCTOBER ~OTH, 1505 : 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. 1. Determine the relative power of inversion of the two solutions of 2.Test the material supplied for tEe presence of emulsin and of an 3. Conclude, as far as poss.b!e, the previocs exercises. invertase supplied. amylolytic enzyme. 35 SCHEME FOR EXAMINATIONS IN TECHNICAL CHEMISTRY. I. The Council have resolved to hold Examinations in the industrial applications of Chemistry and to grant Certifi- cates in respect thereof. 2. These Examinations will be open only to Fellows, and' to those Associates who have been registered as such for at least one year. 3. Candidates will be required to produce evidence of practical technical training. 4. The Examinations will comprise the following :-(a)The application of well-known chemical and physi- cal laws to industrial operations.(b) The development, control, and transmission of power and heat. (5) A working knowledge of operations and plant, of which general use is made in industrial works for the treatment and handling of materials, finished products, waste products and effluents, including a practical acquaintance with fittings and stores. (d) The properties of materials affecting their appli- cation to the construction of plant and apparatus in chemical works. (e) Some ability in interpreting drawings of chemical plant and in making dimensioned rough sketches. (f) The calculation of working costs, and a general knowledge of the clerical work connected with manufacturing operations. 5. Each Candidate will be required to select one impor-tant industry, in which his knowledge of the above subjects may be tested.Questions which might involve the disclosure of unpublished processes and details of plant in particular worlis will not be asked. ,411 Candidates will be expected to gi1.e evidence of a general knowledge of chemical technology. Tlic Examiners will take into account original work and special knowledge, but not so as to excuse the Candidate from any part of the Examination. In December, 1902, representation was made to the Council, that the Institute of Chemistry would materially expand its sphere of usefulness by holding examinations in technical chemistry, and that by so doing it would stimulate the acquisition, by at least a section of the Fellows, of a knowledge and experience which would render them better equipped for positions in chemical industries.The matter was referred to the Council elected in March, 1903,who appointed a Special Committee ‘‘ to consider the sugges-tion that the Institute should hold examinations with a view to the promotion of the training of technical chemists.” One of the primary objects of the Institute, as defined in the Charter, is ‘(to afford facilities for the better education and examination of persons desirous of qualifying themselves to be public and technical analysts and chemical advisers on scientific subjects. . . .” Important as is the work of the Institute in connection with analytical and consulting practice, it is of equal national importance that some further endeavour should be made to promote the higher efficiency of technical chemists.The Special Committee were strongly of opinion that anyone desiring to practise in any branch of professional chemistry should have received a sound general education and 37 a systematic training in chemistry and physics, such as is prescribed for the Associateship of the Institute. It was decided, therefore, that any new examination which might be established should be open only to Fellows and Associates, and that, since the question was one which primarily affected manufacturers, no further conclusions should be arrived at until many of the principal manufacturers, and other persons interested in technical education in Great Britain and Ireland, had been consulted as to what qualifications a technical chemist should possess, in what respects they considered the education at present afforded to works chemists failed in giving the knowledge necessary to the manufacturer, and what form an examination in technical chemistry, if desirable, would best assume.While the replies indicated that the present work of the Institute was greatly appreciated, they pointed almost without exception to a desire for the establishment of an examination in technical chemistry as tending to raise the status of chemists engaged in works. Since a sound and broad training in pure chemistry and physics is of primary importance to technical chemists, it was agreed that the examinations should be post-graduate, opinions being adverse tc young chemists specialking too early in particular branches of work.A large number of manufacturers emphasised the view that they did not want chemists whose training and examin a t' ions had been narrowly confined to the special technology of a particular industry, but men possessed of as wide as possible a knowledge of chemical processes generally. hpart from the undesirability of multiplying examinations by establishing one in connection with each important industry, the Committee were advised that the proposed examination should be mainly confined to the applications of chemistry to operations on a large scale as practised in industries generally.38 The Committee received many valuable suggestions,. and, after giving then1 full consideration, they submitted to the Council a report, recommending the establishment of examinations in technical chemistry, together with a scheme largely based on the opinions of recognised leaders of industry. The report was received, and an outline of the scheme was published in the Pvoceedi?zgs, Part I., 1904. Subsequently the scheme, with a series of suggested questions, was -,vide;y circulated for criticism. The Committee again received many opinions, the consideration of which led to some modification of the scheme. This was eventually adopted in the form now published. In making this scheme the basis for examinations in technical chemistry, the Council wish generally to indicate the knowledge a candidate should possess.The Fellow or Associate, who by his previous examinations and work has proved that he possesses the theoretical knowledge necessary for his profession, and is efficient in practical laboratory work, should at this Examination show that he has learnt the industrial application of his science, and has by practical es- perience acquired the habit of thinking and working industrially, He should show a practical knowledge of operations, both chemical and mechanical, and of the apparatus and machinery commonly used in chemical manufactures. He should be a chemist, with so much knowledge of chemical technology and engineering, that he can intelligently and economically supervise manufacturing operations, and that, when suggesting improve- ments or new manufactures, he can advise as to the apparatus and machinery required.He should be able “to think in tons,” and know how profits are made. Fellows and Associates desiring to take the examination will be required to produce evidence of practical technical training distinct from the course for the Associateship, Experience of not less than one year in practical manufacture, or an equivalent amount of training, would constitute evidence satisfactory to the Council, who will be prepared, at first, to interpret Clause 3 very broadly. The Council desire to encourage young chemists to take post-graduate training and to gain practical experience ; also, to urge universities and technical colleges to establish special courses, under teachers of experience and in suitably equipped workshops, for instruction in chemical technology.Steps in this direction are being taken in various parts of the country, and, in some instances, provision is being made for teaching the methods of applied chemistry on a fairly large scale. The form of the examinations, the exact dates when the first examination shall be held, the time it shall occupy, the fee, and other details will be published in due course. The President and Council are indebted to a large number of manufacturers, and others interested in technical education, who have kindly taken an interest in the work of the Special Committee, and who have given their advice on this important matter.At the same time, the Council ask for the further co-operation of manufacturers, who can do much to promote the scheme by allowing ‘‘post-graduate” students to visit their works. 40 The Library. Since the issue of Proceedings, Part II., the Library Committee have had much pleasure in thanking the following for Gifts of Books :-AVSTRATJIAX A4SSOCTATION FOE THE AU\'BKCEME;ST 01*7 SCIEKCE : Iieport of the Tenth Meeting of the Association. heltl at Dunedin, 1904. U/medin,1!)03. AUSTBALASJAN TNSTITUTE OF MINING EXGIXEERS : Tran<actioni. Vol. Y. Jfelbout~ne,130.3. RSCOK, G. N.: Joint Scientific Papers of .Tames Prescott Joule. T'ol. IT. Published by the Physical Society of London, 1887.73AKEIL, JULIAN L., F.I.C. : The Rrcwirig Inclustry. Julian TA. Hakcr. LOllfZO~l,1905. GOWT,h'ND, WIT,T,IAM, A.R.S.N.. F.1.G. : Sixth lteport to the Alloy\lieseaidi Committee on the Treatment of Steel. By the late Sir W. ('. Roberts-husten, B.C.B., F.R.S. Completed hy Professor W. Gowlnntl. Being an excerpt from the Minutes of the Proceedings of tlic 111-st~itutionuf Nechanical Engineers. 1901. LOCAL GOVEliYMENT ROBED : Forty-First Annual Report on Alkali, &x.. Works, by the Chief Inspector. Londou, 190.7. CITY OF MANCHEHTEE RIVERS DEPARTMENT : Annual Rq)ort for the year ending March 29th, 1903. IlfimcI~Pstw,1905. MERSEY AND IRWELT, JOINT C0Mil.I:ITTEE : Proceedings for thc par eriding 31st March, 1903. M'ith index.Pw~toiz.,l!W. RIBBLE JOINT COMMITTEE : Proceedings for the pear eiiding 3lrt March, 1903. With index. Pwsfuiz, l!jO.'L liICJ-I;\IOND, H. DltOOI', F.I.C. : The Laboratory Book of Dairy Anal H. Droop, Iiichniond. Londo~r.1903. SRVOltY, ARTHUR L. (~PYJ.E. SAur,, F.I.C.) : A Collection of nearly 120 volnrnes, mainly dealing with Pharmaceutical Chem istry, whicli belonged to the late John Savory. SNETHAM, ALFRED, F.I.C. : A rolumc of his Agricultural Papers, mainly dealirig with Feeding Stuffs. 1900-1904. THE SOCIETY OF PUBLJC ASA1,PSTS has presented a portfolio of photographs to illustrate Messrs. Jenkins' ix Eitidiclr's paper of tlic microscopic examination of metals, published in Il'ltr A~Z!j.vt;January, 1905. A number of pamphlets and reprints haye also been rcccived.41 BOOKS PURCHASED. Electi*ic Smelting and Refining. The extraction and treatment of metals by means of the electric current. By Dr. W. Borchers. Triinslatetl from the 3r(l German Edition by W. G. McMillan. 2nd English Edition. Loi~doiz,1904. Der Betriebs-chemil~er. INerbach. He/-Zi)i,1904. Dictionnaire des altkrations et falsifications des substances alimentaires niCdicamentcuses et commercinles avec l'indication ties mogens dc les ieconnaitre. Clievallier et Banclrimont. Septi6me edition. L. Heret. Tome I. Yuyis,1895. Tome 11.Puris, 1597. Thc Optical Rotating Power of Organic Substances and its I'ractical Applications. Landolt. 2nd Edition. Authorisetl English trailslation, nith additions, by lh.J. H. Long. A'astui~,RI,1902. The Determination of Radicles in Carbon Compounds. Meyer. -I?x Ib~k, 1903. Modern Copper Smelting. Peters. 12th Edition. Loizdloi~and -l?ii> E7i,72kl 1903. Tlie Vegetable Alkaloids, with particular Reference to their Clicniicnl C'on- stitution. By Am6 Pictet, from the 2nd French Bdition. Translated, revised, and enlarged by H. C. Biddle. 1st Edition. L(t?zdoxand -1h Yoi*K,1904. International Catalogue of Scientific Literature, published by the RoyalSociety, London. 3rd Annual Issue. G. Mineralogy, includirig petrology and crystallography. 11.Chemistry. Jlo~ido)~,1905. JOURNALS. The following is a list of Journals at present regularly supplied to the Library of the Institute. Those marked with an asterisk (*) arc prcbented ; the remainder arc subscribed for from the Library Funds :-The Analyst." The Journal of the Fecleratctl lnsti-Rerichte der deutschen chemi-tutes of Erewing.*schen Gesellschaft.The Journal of the Society of Arts.* The Cheniical News. The Journal of the Society of The Che:nical Trade Journal." Chemical Industry.* ( 'hcmilrer-Zei tun g. The London University Gazette. (Jhemisches Central- Blat t. Sature. The Chemist and Druggist. The Oil, Paint, and Thug Reporter. The Electrician." Tlie I'tiarmaceutical Journal.* The Iron and Stecl Metallurgist and :!lie Public Health Engineer. Metallographi st. lhe Transactions of the Institntion The Journal and Proceedings of of Mining Engineers. the Chemical Society.* Zeitschrift fur angewandte Cheinic.42 Alterations in and Additions to the Register. Since the publication of Pmeedizgs, Part II., in April,, the Council have elected 3 new Fellows and 26 new Associates. 14Associates have been elected to the Fellowship, and 21 new Students have been admitted. I Fellow has been re-elected. The Institute has lost 6 Fellows and I Student by death,. and 3 Fellows and I Associate have resigned. New Fellows. Brown, Arthur Edgcome, B.Sc. (Lond.), 13, Baronet Road, Tottenham, London, N. Eriinnich, Johannes Christian, The Department of Agriculture, Hrisbnne, Queensland, Australia. Harrison, Edward I?rank, B.Sc. (Lond.), 2, Charterhoese Street, London,. E.C. ; and Longholm, Purley Oaks Road, South Croydon.Re-election to Fellowship. Platt, William Newall, Assoz.1i.C.S~. (Loncl.), B.Sc. (Lond.), 57, GeorgeStreet, Limerick. Associates Elected to the Fellowship. Alderton, Gilbert John, B.Sc. (Lond.), The Nest, Eglint ,n Road, Plumstead, Kent. Evans, John, 67, Surrey Street, Shefield. Gall, John Beaconsfieltl, A.C.G.I., 7, Linden Grove, Nunhead, London, 8.E. Glegg, Robert, B.Sc. (Aberdeen), Agricultural Laboratory, Marischal College, A berdeen . Jones, Ernest Victor, The Oaklands, Wolverhampton. Kinnersley, Henry Wulff, Bell Vue. Moritague Koad, West Ealing, London,W. Jlumsden, William Watt, Glenburn Villa, Port Glasgow, N.H. McLellan, Easil Gordon, c/o Messrs. Iiowntree & Co., Ltd., The Cocoa Works. Yorlr. Partridge, William, 2, E thelbert Road, WTorple Road, Wimbledon, Surrey ; and Savoy House, 116, Strmd, London, Mi.C.'13 Price, Thomas Slater, D.Sc. (Lond. and Birm.), Ph.D. (Leipzig), hlunicipal Technical School, Birmi ngham. Priest, Rlartiii, The Public Hedth Laboratories, London Hospital, E. Richmond, Sylvestcr Oliffe, If,Aniblecote Boad, Grove Park, llec, Jlontlon, Y.E. Roberts, William Henry, M.Sc. (Vict. and L'pool), 1, Newborough Avenue, Seftori Park, Liverpool. Theobalds, Vincent LVilliam, 31, Edith ltoad, South Korwood, London, S.E. Associates. Alexander, James, 1.5, Park Place, Stirling, N.B. Auld, Samiiel James Manson, Ph.l). (Wurzbuig), (i5, Jlargery Road, Forest Gate, London. E. Bain, Alexander William, B.A., B.Pc. (Lond. ). 2, Muswell lbe, Muswell Hill, London.N. Barnes, Hector James, R.Sc. (Birm.), The Elms, IIenwick Road, IVorcester. Biisbane, James William, 16, St. John's Wood Road, London, N.lV. Carpenter, l'eicy Henry, 46, Strcathhourne Hoad. Upper Tooting, London. S.W. Cheke, Thomas William, 7, Elm Groye, Stioud Green, London, N. Uair, Duncan, E.Sc. (Lond.), Conen Bri(lgc, E.B. (;atecliff, John, Junr., B.Sc. (Vict.). 57, Wilmot Street, Derby. Gootlwin, Hen] y LVard, Red Hill, near Arnold, Notts. Goodson, John AII~US~L~S,19, L)ainley lioad, Hackney, Lontlon, N.E. IIan.iaon. Henry George, M.A. (Cantab.), 11, ltanelagh Avenue, Hurlinghnni. Loritlon, S.W. ; ant1 St. Tveq, Hunts. ITills, Jamc? Stuart, 28, I'riiiiiose Hill RouI, I.odon, N.TV. Hind, Herbert Lloytl, I3.k (T,oncl.), 53, Stnriton Boa(1, Bui ton-oil-Trent.IIoblgn, Johu Bright, Assoc.K.C.Sc. (Lond.), 19, Mitclicll Avenue, Halifax Road. Ilewsbury, Yo:-lis. James, Garnet TYilliaim, B.A. (Oxon.), 37, Yestry lioacl, Camberwcll. London, S.E. Ringdon, Harry Horace, I3.d. (Oxon.), St. John's College, Oxford. Martin, Edgar Charles, B.Sc. (Lond.), 63, hyswater lioacl IIar~tlwort11. Birm iIIgham. O'Shaughnessy, Herriaid, Assoc.R.C.Yc. (Loncl.), IG, Cemeter j-Ilontl. l'ntlilinm. Lancs. Park, Robert, 13, Eildon Street, Edinburgh. Race, Joseph, 3, Albion Terrace, Kurnley. Rhodes, E(lwin, B.Yc. (Yict.), 1.5,Church Laiic, Selhy, Yorlis. Robiso11 , Kobert, 14, Wellington 12oac1, Ne wai li-o n-'l'rent. Simmons, Itobcrt, Ashlr:igh, New Mxlden, Surrey.Sumnierson, Samuel, K.Sc. (Lorid.), " Parlihiirst," L~alton-ori-Tharnes. Twiss, Douglas Frank, KSc. (Birm.), 89, Wood Lane, Harhorne, Birtiitnghaiii. Students. Agnew, Janics IVatson, 27, Elmbank Street, Glasgow. Beckett, Gerald Gordon, Earlsficld, Ballshridge, Dublin. Rruce, Robert, 2, Atlioll Place, Edinburgh. Clement, T,conai (1, Beamsley, Fairhaven, Lancs. Conpgliam, Robert Staffortl, '<Sandon," Ballsbriclge, Dublin. 44 Cooper, Evelyn Ashley, 57, Balllam Park Road. Wantlscvorth C’oiiiiLion, London, S.W. Davis, William Charles, Elm Villa, Elm Roacl, Leatherhead, Surreyv. Evers, Norman, Albion House, Faversham, Kent. Ferrey, Ciithbert Edmund Caulficltl, 31, Scale Lane. Hull. Henville, Douglas, 78, Highdown Itoad, Hove, Rrighton.Ladell, William Richard Simpson, Springfield House, Canonbury, Loncloii. S. TAW, Douglas John, Heston Lodge, Isleworth. Mason. Harry Mnlkin, Cedar House, Moorgate, Itotherham. O’Gracly, Cnrew James Stanclish, 63, Park Avenue, Sidney Parade. Dubliii. l’enny, Frederick Willoughby, Sunnyside, 24, Fairmile Avenue, Streathn. Lonclon, S.JT. Pickai (1, Joseph Allen, 3, West Kensington Terrace, London, W. Kchardson, William John, Selwyn College, Canibridge. Smith, William Russell, 1, Aubert Park, Highbury. London, N. Wallace. Thomas Arthur, 1,St. Lawrence Road, Clontnf, Dublin. IVheeler, Edward, 113, Highbury &u:itlrant. Idondon. N. Woodhead, John Ezra, Wood View, Wyke, Rradford, Yorks. Change of Name. Kcane, Charles Alexander, P1i.D. (Erlmgen), M.Sc.(Vict.), F.I.C.-foruiici~lyKohn. DEATHS. Fellows. Ackroyd, William, Horough Laboratory, Crossley Street, Halifax. T3nllock. John Lloyd, 3, Hanovcr Street, London, W. Dalziel, Samuel, Srnyrna, Asia Minor. Lorett, William Jesie, 13, Ermine Road, Chester. Tichborne, Charles Robert Clarke, L.A.H. (Dub.), L.ILC.S.1.. D.P.H. (H.C.S.T.), 13, North Great Georges Street, Dublin. Tincent, Charles Wilson. 38, Queen‘s I~oad,South Horrisey, London. 3i. ; ntid Reform Club: Pall Mall, Lontlon. S.W. Student. IVilson, Carey John, GO, Lanibs Conduit Street, Idondon, W.C. 45 General Notices. Intermediate and Final (A.I.C.) Examinations wil! be held at the Laboratories of the Institute, commencing on Tuesday, the 2nd day of January, 1906.The Examinations will be open only to Candidates who have complied with the regulations. The Examinations will not extend over more than two weeks. Benches will be allotted to the first 50 Candidates whose applications and fees are received. No application for admission to the January Examinations will be accepted after Thursday, the 30th day of November, 1905. For further particulars apply to the Registrar. The Final Examination in Branch (e): the Analysis of Food and Drugs, including an examination in Therapeutics, Pharmacology and Microscopy, may commence on either Tuesday, the znd, or on Monday, the 8th of January. This Examination will also be open to Fellows and Associates who desire to obtain the Certificate of the Institute in Therapeutics, Pharmacology and Microscopy, approved by the Local Government Boards under the Regulations as to the competency of Public Analysts.The Council of the Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (Berlin) have reported on the compilation of the ‘‘ Technolexicon,” a universal technical dictionary in English, German, and French, commenced in 1901. About 2,000 firms and individual collaborators have assisted in the work, and it is expected that the bulk of the preliminary work will be finished in the middle of 1906, and at the end of next year the printing will begin. 46 The Editor-in-Chief is Dr. I-Iuber t Jancen, Dorotheenstrasse 49, Berlin, N.W. (7). It is proposed to raise a rneniorial in honour of Liebig in his native town, Darmstadt. Contributions to the fund for its erection should be sent to Dr.R. Messel, c/o Messrs. Spencer Chapman and Messel, Limited, 36, Mark Lane, E.C.