This paper describes the efforts of the Electrochemistry Group of the Institute of Physics and Chemistry/USP to develop electrode materials for water electrolyzers and of components for phosphoric acid fuel cells. In the last few years, several fundamental studies have been carried out in the electrocatalysis of water electrolysis reactions, particularly on hydrogen evolution, which allowed the development of materials with lower overpotentials, compared with those of conventional cathodes. In the phosphoric acid fuel cell area, substantial progress has been made in the development of teflon-bonded gas diffusion electrodes, bipolar separator plates, and electrolyte-containing matrices. These components have been tested in 50 W and 200 W phosphoric acid fuel cell modules.