AbstractBacterial canker and dieback (Pseudomonas syringaevan Hall) of apricot is a widespread disease in Europe, except for the Mediterranean areas. Cankers usually develop at pruning wounds or other points of injury. Phloem and cambium become susceptible from just after leaf drop until budding. If the phloem necrosis does not girdle the branch or trunk, cankers develop by the middle or the end of summer. In early summer, the bacterium actually dies out in the infected tissue, and the tree remains resistant during the summer. During this period, the pathogen lives epiphytically on the surface of the leaves, without causing any symptoms. The extent of bacterial necrosis of the phloem depends on the severity of winter frost. Without winter frost, bacterial induced tissue necrosis does not occur. Necrosis is found only if P.syringaehas enough time to proliferate before the onset of frost. The most effective method of control is to carry out spring rather than winter pruning.