AbstractThe aim of the Human Genome Project is to map and eventually obtain the complete DNA sequence of the 24 different chromosomes that comprise the human genome. The information stemming from the project promises to revolutionise our understanding of genetic disease and the genetic components underlying individual human differences.This improved understanding is likely to bring considerable benefits in terms of improved diagnosis and perhaps treatment of a range of diseases. However, it will also raise a number of ethical and social questions in areas such as confidentiality and protection of privacy, and the use of genetic testing in employment or for insurance purposes. Funding for the HGP in the United States includes a specific allocation for research into the ethical, legal and social issues, and it is argued that a similar commitment is needed in the UK.