SUMMARYThe morphology and existing schemes of classification of the genera of Musaceae have been summarized. The anatomy of the vegetative organs of each genus has been described. The following taxonomic conclusions are suggested by the anatomical results:(i)Orchidanthais anatomically quite distinct from other members of the group and its isolation as a distinct family (Lowiaceae) is fully supported.(ii)RavenalaandStrelitziaare almost identical anatomically and are evidently much more closely related to each other than they are to any other genera.(iii)Musais quite distinct anatomically, although it shows some affinities with theRavenala–Strditziacomplex.(iv)Hdiconiais also rather isolated structurally, but shows more affinities withRavenala, StrditziaandMusathan withOrchidanth