AbstractAfter horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections into various parts of the ventral thalamic nuclear group and its adjacent areas, the distribution of labeled neurons was compared in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and the brain stem. The major differences in distribution patterns were as follows: Injections of HRP into the lateral or ventrolateral portions of the ventroanterior and ventrolateral nuclear complex of the thalamus (VA‐VL) produced retrogradely labeled neurons consistently in area 4γ (lateral part of the anterior and posterior sigmoid gyri, lateral sigmoid gyrus and the lateral fundus of the cruciate sulcus), the medial division of posterior thalamic group (POm), suprageniculate nucleus (SG) and anterior pretectal nucleus ipsilaterally, and in the nucleus Z of the vestibular nuclear complex bilaterally.Injections into the medial or dorsomedial portion of the VA‐VL resulted in labeled neurons within the areas 6aβ (medial part of the anterior sigmoid gyrus), 6aδ (anterior part of ventral bank of buried cruciate sulcus), 6 if. fu (posterior part of the bank), fundus of the presylvian sulcus (area 6aβ), medial part of the nucleus lateralis posterior of thalamus and nucleus centralis dorsalis ipsilaterally, and in the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) and medial pretectal nucleus bilaterally. Only a few neurons were present in the contralateral area 6aδ.After HRP injections into the ventral medial nucleus (VM), major labeled neurons were observed in the gyrus proreus, area 6aβ (mainly in the medial bank of the presylvian sulcus), and EPN ipsilaterally, and in the medial pretectal nucleus and substantia nigra bilaterally.Following HRP injections into the centre médian nucleus (CM), major labeled neurons were found in the areas 4γ, 6aβ, and the orbital gyrus ipsilaterally, and in the EPN, rostral and rostrolateral parts of the thalamic reticular nucleus, locus ceruleus, nucleus reticularis pontis oralis et caudalis and nucleus prepositus hypoglossi bilaterally. The contralateral intercalatus nucleus also possessed labeled neurons. With HRP injections into the paracentral and centrolateral nuclei, labeled neurons were observed in the gyrus proreus and the cortical areas between the caudal presylvian sulcus and anterior rhinal sulcus ipsilaterally, and in the nuclei interstitialis and Darkschewitsch bilaterally. Minor differences in the distribution pattern were observed in the superior colliculus, periaqueductal gray, mesencephalic and medullary reticular formations, and vestibular nuclei in all cases o