In briefFour athletes, aged 16 to 20, died shortly after they collapsed while playing basketball. Preparticipation screening had revealed no cardiac abnormality in three of them. The fourth, who had been advised not to participate in sports, had been treated for hyperlipidemia at age 7 and for exercise-related syncope at age 15. Physicians should make a concerted effort to identify those athletes with risk factors (eg, exertional syncope, chest pain, or dyspnea) through careful history taking and physical examination.