The actual state of research in childhood stuttering is presented and certain points open to criticism are discussed. We want fo find answers to some of the open questions by means of a longitudinal study that starts at an early stage. In this study the prognostic validity of various dimensions of behaviour can be determined with regard to the development of stuttering. Thus, the conditions for the development of a valid and reliable instrument for early diagnosis are created that enable the specialist to estimate the probability of chronicity and to determine whether to treat or not to treat childhood stuttering. Furthermore, the study aims to develop a screening procedure which is easy to use for the persons in the child’s surroundings (parents, teachers, physicians) so that stuttering children can be referred to a specialist at an earlier stag