The composition of the essential oil and of the hexane extract of the stem bark ofAniba canelillawas analyzed by means of GC/MS, MS and NMR spectroscopy. In addition to confirming the presence of some previously identified constituents such as 1-nitro-2-phenylethane, safrole and eugenol, this study allowed us to identify β-sitosterol, α-pinene, β-pinene, benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, methoxy eugenol, methyl eugenol, and (−)-selin-11-en-4α-ol. 1-Nitro-2-phenylethane was found to exhibit a high toxicity towards yeasts especiallyCandida albicans.The LD50of a petroleum ether extract from this plant was determined to be greater than 800 mg/kg for BALB/c mice.