102 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS, Mineralogical Chemistry. Advances in Mineralogical Chemistry. By BERNARD J. HAR- RINGTON (Tmms. Roy. ~oc., Gccnccda, 1895, [Z], 1, Sect. 111, 3-l?).- A presidential address, dealing generally with the separation, analysis, synthesis, and constitution of minerais. L. J. 5. Selenium associated with Gold and Bismuth : Graphitic Slate, and Water from N.S. Wales. By J. MILNE CURRAN (J. and Proc. Roy. Soc., ATXJV., 1895, 29, 404--408).-A slate from Mount Hope, N.S.W., containing native gold with bismuth oxide and car- bonate, gave reactions for selenium; no sulphides were detected, but originally there was probably present an auriferous selenide or sul- phide of bismuth. A lustrous graphitic slate from Yalcagrin, on analysis, showed 12.5 per cent.of graphite. The granite of the Wyalong gold-fiekl is decomposed to a depth of 150 to 190 feet ; the water supply from this decomposed rock gave, in grains per gallon: SiO,, 3'7.268; A1,0,, 3.052; CaO, 43.540; MgO, 109.144 ; Na,O, 551.236 ; K,O, 6.186 ; SO,, 192.430 ; C1, 924.784; water of crystallisation, 209.300 ; Zn, trace; total (less 0 for Cl), 1868.55. Large quantities of soluble organic matter are present. Considering. the origin of the water, there is a large amount of sodium chloride in it. Some tracliytes and other rocks from New South Wales are described. L. J. 5. Two New Mineral Substances from Broken Hill, N.S.W. 48-51). --These substances, from the Australian Broken Hill Consols mine, are different from anything hitherto described, but they are only alteration products and mineral mixtures.One of them is a n alteration product of dyscrasite, which mineral ii; sometimes envelops; it is massive, and in sections shows a finely banded structure; the colou~ is greyish-brown, and the mineral is B~ EDWARD F. PITTMAN (J. ~i rp-oc. ROY. XOC., N.S. w., 1895, 29,MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 103 sectile; the sp. gr. of one specimen is 4.9. Mingaye gave the results under I, by H. P. White those under IT. at 100". H,O. Ag. Xb. Cu. Pb. As. Au. CaO. I. 0.56 4-04 47.46 16-87 0.11 0.62 trace trace 3-78 11. 0.13 4.37 45.87 20.72 0.48 0.31 trace - 4-25 Analysis by J. C. H. Moisture Comb. MgO. Fe,O,. C1. Insol. 0 [diff.]. I. 1.17 2.11 13.69 1-01 [8-58] 11. 0.20 0.45 12.27 0.90 [lO*O5] The silver exists as chloride and antimonide ; the former is nearly all dissolved out from the powdered mineral by strong ammonia solution, leaving a residue which gave the following results on analysis :- Ag.Au. Sb. As. Pb. Cu. Fe. Ca. Mg. 19.71 trace 35.12 trace 2-79 0.52 5.18 4.84 0.17 Insol. c1. H,O. 0. Total. 5.20 0.14 6.01 19.69 99.37 The second substance is an alteration product of argentiferous galena ; it is dark grey, has a cubical structure, and is sectile ; the sp. gr. of one specimen is 6.38. The Eollowing analyses by Mingaye and White show that the composition is very variable. Moisture. Ag,S. Cu,S. FeS,. PbSO,. I'bS. Insol. Total. I. 0.08 7'7.99 0.62 1.42 19.36 - 0.30 99.77 IT. - 76.62 0.32 0.45 19.80 0.50 1.60 99.73 111. 0.14 13.25 1.82 0.42 77*60 2-20 4.50 99.93 IY. - 10.86 2.00 - 84.61 0.96 1.00 99.93 In I1 is also 0.44 per cent.of Sb,S,, and in IV 0.50 per cent. of Fe,O,. Ammonium acetate dissolves lead sulphate fpom the polished surface, leaving the silver sulphide in relief. [Antimony Ochre, Celestite, Galena, Graphite, Tetrahedrite, Meyrnacite and Anthraxolite from Canada.] By G. CHRISTIAN HoFFbIANN (An;n. BepoTt (1S94) Geol. fluruey, Canada, 1896, N.S., 7, R., 1-68).--Antimony ochre occurs as an earthy incrustation, of a wine-yellow colour, on the stibnito of South Ham, Wolfe Co., Quebec. Analysis gave Sb,O,. As,O,. Fe,O,. Al,O,. CaO. MgO. H,O. Quartz. Total. 58-86 7-88 2.88 1-02 5.71 0.61 9.46 13.39 99.75 Celestite occurs, sometimes with calcite and galena, as a vein in crys- talline limestone a t Lansdowne, Leeds Go., Ontario ; it is colourless, yellowish, or bluish, and semitransparent.Analysis shows it to be nearly pure strontium sulphate. L. J. 5. SO,. SrO. BaO. CaO. Total. Sg. gr 43.51 56.31 trace 0.11 99.93 3.958 Guleyaa containing free sulphur, from West Kootanie, British Colum- bia, forms a coarsely crystalline asgregate with bright cleavage sur- faces, and showing no visible signs of alteration. I t readily takes fire, and burns with a pale blue flame. Prom the powdered mineral, carbon 8-2104 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. bisulphide extracts sulphur, and ammonium acetate extracts lead E U ~ - phate. S (free). S (comb.). SOj. Pb. Sb. Fe. Zn. Ag. Total. 3.95 7-48 12.61 72.19 0.85 0.29 1.08 0.72 99.17. This amount of SO, corresponds with 39.81 per cent. PbSO,. Graphite, from bfarmora, Hastings Co., Ontario, is very finely granular, with uneven fracture, greyish black colour and dull lustre.It contains 72.13 per cent. of apparently amorphous graphite. The ash contains SiO,, 36.0 ; Al,O,, 32.8 ; FezO3, 11.2 ; CaO, 2.0 ; MgO, 7.6 per cent. Plum biferous tetrahedrite, massive, with indistinct fZorous structure, from West Kootanie, British Columbia, gave the following results on analysis; sp. gr. 5,082. S. Sb. -4s. Cu. Ag. Pb. Zn. Fe. Quartz. Total. 20.59 26.81 0.22 21.03 10.64 8.91 5.91 0.88 5-57' 100.56. Meymacite occurs as a dull to bright yellow ochre with the scheelite of Mitrlow, Beauce Go., Quebec; it is a tungsten oxide with 7-2 per cent. of water. Anthraxolite, from a quartz vein in limestone and bituminous shale at Lake Petitsikapau, Ungava district, Labrador Peninsula, has an irregular structure, and is intermixed with quartz and other frag- ments ; it gave on analysis The mean of two very similar analyses is All the above analyses are by R.A. A. Johnston. H2O Loss on ignition at 110-115". in a closed vessel. Fixed " Ash' * 3.56 2.48 86.83 7.13 100.00. The ash consists mainly of silica ; another specimen gave 0.31 per cent. ash. Various other mineralogical notes, chiefly relating to occurrences, are given. The report also includes analyses of coals, iron ores, nickeliferous pyrrhotite, calcareous marls, and waters, as well as the results of numerous gold and silver assays. L. J. s. Bauxite and Emery. By A. LIEBRICH (Zed. prakt. Geol., 1895, 275--277).-1t is pointed out t,hat bauxite occurs in the younger rocks, whilst emery occurs in the oldest (gneisses, &c.); and that in their chemical composition the only important differences are the much larger amount of water in bauxite, and the presence of ferrous oxide (in the magnetite) in emery.Analyses of bauxite, calculated without the water, compare very closely with analyses of emery. This simi- larity of compositioii suggests that the two minerals may have the same origin ; bauxite has been derived from silicates by decomposition, and the same must be true for emery, which has been brought into the present state by the action of water under pressure and at a high temperature. L. J. S. Greenockite from Laurion. By ANASTASIOS C. CHRTSTOMANOS (Tsch. Min. Mitth., 1896, 16, 360-361; and Compt.vend., 123, 62). -The calamine of Laurion, Attica, is very varied in colour and strnc-MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 105 t u r e ; a reddish, amber-yellow variety, which is vitreous and trans- lucent, gave the following results on analysis. ZnO. CdO. FeO. CaO. MgO. A1,0,. SiO,. S. CO,. Total. 62.060 2.700 0.592 0.123 0.219 0.020 0.180 0.190 33 895 99979 This corresponds with 92.57 per cent., ZnCO,, 2.07 ZnO, 2.62 CdCO,, and 0 85 CdS. Dusted over the surface, and in cavities, is a bright yellow, amorphous powder ; the following analysis shows this to be greenoc kit e. Cd. S. Zn. co,. 77.22 22.47 trace trace L. J. S. Origin of Malachite. By EDGAR HALL (J. c6nd Pvoc. Boy. Soc., N.,)’.W., 1895, 29, 416-419).--In an abandoned mine, in whkh the ore is cupriferous pyrites, the author has fouud malachite and azurite, and copper and iron sulphates ; as the malachite and copper sulphatc are both sometimes fibrous, i t is suggested that the former is pseudo- morphous after the latter. In dry seasons, the decomposition of the ore would give rise to a n efflorescence of sulphates, which in wet seasons would be altered to carbonates by the action of carbonate solutions.L. J. S. Blue Apatite fiom Montebras. By ADOLPHE CSRSOT (Bull. SOC. frurz. Min., 1896, 19, 214-215). In the t i n mine of Montebras, Creuse, a darkish violet-blue apatite occurs in a very micaceous granite. With the cassiterite of this locality are several other phosphates, namely, amblygonite, montebrasite, tvavellite, turquoise, and phosphates of iron and manganese.P,O,. F. C1. CaO. NgO. MnO. Fc,O,. Quartz. Total. 39.60 3.23 trace 50.45 trace 2.82 0.20 6.35 101.05 The apatite, on analysis, gave This corresponds with :- Ca,P,O,. Nn3P,08. FeP04. CaF,. Quartz. Total. 84.30 2.03 0.38 6.62 6 35 09-69 The colour appears to be due to the manganese, which exists, for the most part, as manganous phosphate. L. J. S. ‘‘ Mangankiesel ” from the Ham. By FRIEDRICH KLOCKRIANN ( Jchb. k. Preuss. geol. Landescmst. u. Rergakccd., 1895 (1 894), 15, p. xxxii).-In a quartz-schist on the Steinbergkappe, in the Western or Upper Harz, is a band, 1 foot thick, of compact, reddish-white to grey ‘‘ mangankiesel ” ; analysis by Erbrich gave MnO. CaO. MgO. CO,. SO,. Undeter. Total. 32,251 0.477 0.910 18.097 49,009 0.756 101.500 This occurrence is very similar t o that a t Schebenholz, near Elbingerode.L. J. S. The Genesis of the Talc Deposits of St. Lawrence Go., N.Y. By CHARLES H. SMYTH, jun. (School of Mines Quart., 1896, 1’7,106 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICATJ PAPERS. 333-341).-In the gneissic area of the Adirondacks are large belts of crystalline limestones which often contain tremolite and enstatite ; these minerals sometimes predominate, and the limestones graduate into tremolite and enstntite schists. Intimately associated with these schists, and, in fact, graduating into them, are the talc deposits, The talc, being pseudomorphous after these fibrous minerals, is itself fibrous in structure, this structure being parallel to the cleavage of the original mineral. For a very soft specimen, apparently derived from enstatite, the optic axial angle was determined as 56" 36', and for a slightly harder piece, 80" 34' ; these values are much greater than is usual for talc, and they evidently decrease with the progress of alteration of the original mineral.With this fibrous talc (" agalite ") is also a little of the more usual form of foliated talc in soft, pearly scales ; this is almost optically uniaxial, and, unlike the former, is not pseudomor- phous in origin but of independent growth. The alterations would have been effected by circulating water containing carbonic acid, probably under pressure, as shown by the equations Enstatite. Talc. 4MgSi0, + H,O + CO, = H,Mg,Si,O,, + MgCO, Tremolite. Talc. CaMg,Si,O,, + H,O + CO, = H2Mg3Si,01, + CaCO,. This substitution OF H, for Ca is in agreement with Clarke's acid metasilicate formula for talc.The resulting carbonates would be carried away by the excess of carbonic acid. These talc deposits have, then, been derived from tremolite and enstatite schists, which, in turn, have originated by the metamorphism of a siliceous magnesium lime- stone poor in alumina. Minerals of the Gross-Venediger in the Hohe Tauern. By ERNST WEINSCHENK (Zeds. Kyst. Nin., 1896, 26, 337-508).- The Gross-Venediger of the Austrian Alps consists of a central mass of granite surrounded by eclogites, amphibolites, gneisses, schists, phyllites, &c. , these containing isolated patches of serpentine. The secondary mineral veins occurring in these rocks are of two distinct types, One is of general distribution, and is characterised by the presence of a little titanic acid ; the minerals of constant occurrence are quartz, felspar, apatite and calcite, whilst the other minerals depend on the kind of rock containing the veins.The other type of veins occurs in connection with the serpentines, and is of local distri- bution ; here quartz and felspar are absent, and the surrounding rocks have no influence on the mineral contents of the veins. Detailed descriptions are given of 60 mineral species found in the district, and analyses are given of the following :-I, Pistachio-green epidote, occurring with magnetite and diopside in an epidote-rock in connection with the serpentine. 11, Red garnet. 111, Massive garnet, from a garnet-chlorite-rock, which is an alteration product of serpen- tine ; the crystals of I1 rest on this massive garnet, and the two are very similar in appearance, but differ in composition.IV, Hyacinth- red garnet from an epidote-idocrase-rock. V, Clove-brown garnet from a rock containing epidote, diopside and magnetite. VI, Hyacinth- L. J. s.MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 107 red garnet, 171T, Brown garnet. The above analyses of garnet, with the exception of 111, by Muthmann, are quoted from H. Schnerr (1nnug.-Diss., ikIt~.izich, 1894). VIIT, Acicular diopside from crevices in a hornblende schist. X, Albite from crevices in amphibolito and] eclogite ; it contains also Na,O, 11 -1 9 ; K,O, 0.19 per cent. H,O or IX, Light green diopside. loss on SiO?. Al,O,. Fe,O,. CaO. FeO. MnO. MgO. ignition. I. 38.15 23.51 14.32 23.41 0.18 - - 1.93 IT.36.33 7.35 21.64 32.36 1.91 0.48 - 05-29 111. 38-33 17.38 7.56 31.72 2.49 1 5 0 0.48 0.71 IV. 37.53 11.99 14.79 33.55 1.68 0.28 - 0.48 V. 35.97 7.07 22.51 31.51 9-88 trace - 0.25 VI. 37.96 16.29 8.73 31.98 4.46 0.57 - - VII. 36.56 7.44 20.94 23.59 1.17 trace - - VIII. 52.08 1-96 - 23.31 9-21 0.35 13-75 - IS. 54.19 0.07 - 22.76 2.05 0.43 20.24 - - - - X. 67.76 20.15 - 0.77 - L. J. S. Disintegration and Decomposition of Diabase. By GEORGE P. MERRILL (Bull. Geol. Xoc. Arne?*., 1896, 7, 349-362).-The diabase of a large dyke a t Medford, Massachusetts, has been extensively disintegrated to a reddish-brown, sandy material. The fresh rock is quite firm, but contains some calcite, a little zeolite and chlorite, and shows a slight kaolinisation of the felspars.Under I, is the bulk analysis of the fresh diabase, and under 11, that of the portion soluble in hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate solution (I -19 per cent. of the silica being soluble in the former). Under 111, is that the bulk analysis of the disintegrated rock, and IV, is that of the soluble portion (0.85 per cent. of the silica being here soluble in hydrochloric acid). These analyses show that the disintegration is accompanied by decomposition and a leaching out of the more soluble constituents. As would be expected, more of the fresh rock is soluble in acid and alkaline solutions than of the altered rock. Analysis V, is of the fine silt and clay, which forms only 3.17 per cent. of the altered rock. 78.87 per cent. of it is soluble in hydrochloric acid and sodium carbonate, and under the microscope the material shows felspar and other silicates.I I1 I11 IV V VI VII SiOo 47.28 10.85 44744 9.50 36.61 8.48 18.03 20.22 4.74 Fe,O, 3.66 CaO 7.09 3-09 MgO 3-17 2.20 MnO 0.77 n.d. -40 2.16 1.21 Na,O 3.94 0.50 P205 0.68 n.d. Ignition 2.73 2.73 Total 100.59 36.23 FeO 8.89 } 10*91 23.19 12.70 6.03 2.82 0.52 1.75 3.93 0.70 3.73 99.81 10.00 1.50 1 *84 n.d. 0-68 0.1 7 n.d. 3-73 32-28 0 .oo 40'68 1. 2.42 3.44 1.83 4.02 0.68 n.d. 0.32 1-82 0.62 2.14 0.50 - 0.08 10.97 0.53 99.68 14.93 0.00 18.10 25-89 21.70 41-57 29.15 12.83 11.39 0.0010s ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Column VI gives the percentage loss for the entire rock, as calculated from I and 111, on the supposition that the total amount of alumina has remained unaffected during the alteration of the rock, and column VII gives the percentage loss of each constituent, as calculated from I and VI.Calculating the results on this basis byings out points which are not obvious on mere inspection of the bulk analyses of the fresh and altered rock ; for example, it is seen that calcium, potassium, iron and magnesium have been relatively largely removed. The analyses of the granite of the district of Columbia (Abstr., 1896, ii., 483) are here recalculated in this manner. The assumption that the total amount of alumina remains constant is taken from Roth, but it does not always seem to be correct, for in some cases ferric oxide is more refractory than the alumina. The relative rapidity of rock weathering in high and low latitudes is discussed, and it is insisted that the rapid disintegration in warm, moist climates has been emphasised too much.Here, decomposition follows more closely upon disintegration, whilst in cold regions, where the action of frost is a potent factor, disintegration exceeds decom- position. The term degeneration, to include both disintegration and decomposition, is proposed. Dust which fell [in Austria-Hungary] in February, 1896. By CONRAD H. vos JOHN (Vedb. k.k. geol. Reichswast., 1896, 259-264). -On February 25th. and 26th., 1896, there was a fall of dust and snow over a large area in Hungary, mainly about the Platten See, but extending into Austria as far north as Austrian Silesia. The dust from different localities is very similar, being dark brown, and of extreme fineness.Under the microscope, the principal constituent is seen as grains of a grey, transparent, amorphous material, which analysis shows to be a clay. There are also black particles of organic matter, numerous grains and splinters of quartz, and a few fragments of augite, zircon, rutile, etc. Mica and remains of organisms were not found. The first four of the following analyses are of material from different localities. All contain a little carbonic acid and organic.matter. The first contains 2.92 and the second 2-48 L. J. S. per cent. of- carbon. SiO,. Al,O,. Fe,O,. CaO. MgO. 49'29 15-50 6.17 4.33 2.46 52.25 13.95 7.10 3'85 2.45 52-50 14-20 6'40 3'80 2'45 55'28 15-24 6.58 3-66 2-63 45-10 15.95 13.25 4-85 2.64 The great similarity shown in The decrease origin for the dust.H,O Loss on K,O. Ns,O. (at looo). ignition. Total. 2.94 1.02 2'80 16.09 100.50 3.05 1.46 2-78 12.96 99.85 2.97 1.44 3'02 13'80 100'58 Y [2-57] 3.01 11.03 100'00 1.95 0.85 6-70 8'84 100.47 these analyses points to a common in silica to the northis explained by quc&tz having fallen before the other constituents. The last of thb above analyses is of Nile mud (containing also 0.34 SO,, 1 per cent. C, and some CO,), and it is suggested that the dust in question came from Egypt ; as, however, there was no storm a t Alexandria from 21st. to 26th. of February, it may have come from Servia and S. Hungary. 11. J. S,MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 109 The Arlington Iron. By NEWTON H. WIGCHELL ( A r i z e ~ . Geologist, 1896, 18, 267-27l).-This iron was found in March, 1894, at 24 miles north-east of A.rlington, Sibley Go., Minnesota.It is roughly heart-shaped, with an average thickness of 1 inch ; weight 192 lbs. The convex side is tolerably smooth and has a spotted appearance, whilst the opposite, nearly plane, surface is pitted and rough, some of the pits almost penetrating the specimen. Three structural directions, brought out by etching, are described in detail. Analysis by F. F. Sharpless gave : Fe. Ni. co. P. Total. 90.781 S.605 1.023 0.045 100.454 Also Cr, Cu, and combined carbon in traces ; S, Si, and &In are absent. The composition does not appear to be uniform, as four determina- tions of the iron varied between 90.58 nncl 91.74; the carbon also varies. L. J. S. Discovery of Argon in the Gases of a Spring at Perchtolds- 604-612).The gas from the same spring was investigated in 1853 by Ragsky, who showed that the gas contains 93.8 per cent. of nitrogen. The author confirms Ragsky’s analyses, but, also finds that the gas described as nitrogen by Ragsky contains 1.11-1.24 per cent. of argon. J. J . S. dorf, near Vienna. By MAX BAMBERGER (,1fOnatSh., 1896, 17, Water from a Mineral Spring in Mitchell Go., Kansas. By EDGAR H. S. BAILEY and MARY A. .RICE (Tmm. liG?~scccs AcacZ. Xci., 1896 (1893-4), 14, 40-41).-Water from a spring 2 miles east of Cawker City and half a mile south-east of the celebrated ‘‘ Great Spirit Spring,” in Mitchell Co., Kansas, gave in parts per 100,000 : SiO, and insoluble matter, 1 . 5 3 ; Fe,O, and A1,0,, 1.66; CaO, 38.66; MgO, 61-48; SO,, 26950; R,O, 21.20; Na,O, 753.30 ; C1, 740.00; B,O,, trace; CO, (calculated), 35-69. This composition is very similar to that of the water of the (‘ Great Spirit Spring.” L.J. S. Thermal Spring at Wiesbaden. By C. REMIGIUS FRESENIUS and ERNST HINTZ (Ja;lwb. ATassuzc. Vey,, 1896, Ja7t.r.g. 49, 3-23)- The water of the Augusta Victoria bath a t Wiesbaden has a tempera- ture of 40”; sp. gr. = 1.006455 a t 14”. Analysis gave, in parts per 1000 : NaC1, 6.644452 ; KC1, 0.172013 ; LiCl, 0.018825 ; NH,Cl 0.012666 ; CaCl,, 0.599187 ; NaBr, 0.004920 ; Nal, 0.000025 ; CaSOd Om068816 ; SrSO,, 0.024678 ; BaSO,, 0.001381 ; CaH,(CO,),, 0.364834 7 MgH2(C0,),, 0.248852; FeH,(CO,,),, 0.001392; &fn€T,(C0,)2, 0.001716; Ca2As,07, 0.000045 ; Ca,P,08, 0.600081 ; CaB20,, 0.002565 ; SiO,,; 0.059782 ; free CO,, 0.2S2091 ; total, 8.508321.Also traces of rubidium, caesium, nitric acid, titanic acid, copper, and organic sub- stances. This composition is very similar to that of other thermal waters of Wiesbaden containing sodium chloride ; analyses of these are quoted for comparison. Full analytical details are given in the paper. 1;. J. S.110 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Carbonated Water from Seifersdorf (Austrian Silesia). By ERNST LUDWIG (Fsch. Min. Mitth., 1896, 16, 133--139).-Water from a spring at the village of Seifersdorf, in Austrian Silesia, gave, in 10,000 parts : K,SO,, 0.057; Na,SO,*, 0.037 ; NaCl, 0.058 ; Na,CO,, 1.775 ; CaCO,, 7.171 ; SrCO:,, 0.021 ; RIgCO,, 1.000 ; FeCO,, 0,179 ; MnCO,, 0.026 ; Al,O,, 0.001 ; SiO,, 0.620 ; organic matter, 0.040 ; GO, in bicarbonates, 4.499 ; CO, free, 17.449 ; total solids, 10.985 ; also traces of lithium and phosphoric acid.Sp. gr. = 1.00163 at 17.2" (compared with distilled water at the same temperature). The com- position of the water remains constant thrcughout the course of the year, and the temperature only varies from 10-12". The rocks of the district are limestones, clayey sandstones, and also some of volcanic origin. L. J. X. The Constantin-Spring in Gleichenberg (Styria). By ERNST LUDWIG (Tsch. Min. Mitth., 1896, 16, 140--149).--The celebrated mineral waters of Gleichenberg, Styria, were known to the Romans ; analyses of the water of the Constantin-spring have previously been made by Schrotter (1834) and Gottlieb (1864). The results of the present analysis are, in parts per 10,000 : K,SO,, 1.023 ; KCl, 0.012 ; NaCl, 18.223 ; Na,B,07, 0.082 ; Na,HPO,, 0,006 ; Na,CO,, 25.060 ; Li,CO,, 0.039 ; CaCO,, 3.541 ; SrCO,, 0.054 ; BaCO,, 0.004 ; MgCO,, 4.215 ; FeC'O,, 0.027; MnCO,, 0.002 ; A1,0,, 0,002 ; SiO,, 0.64'7 ; organic matter, 0.054; CO, in bicarbonates, 14.212; CO, free, 20.519; total solids, 52.937; also traces of czsium and rubidium.These results agree, in the important constituents, with the older analyses, so that there has been no change in the composition of the water during the last 60 years. Sp. gr. = 1.0057 at 17.6" (compared with distilled water at the same temperature). The temperature of the water is 17.3". The rocks of the district are mainly trachytes, together with basalts and Tertiary sands and mads. From the water, opal has been deposited in the trachyte, and pebbles and plants have been cemented together by a siliceous deposit. Deposit from a Chalybeate Water. By E. C. CASE (Frccns. Kansas Acad. Xci., 1896 (1893-4), 14, 36-37).-Water from a well near Lawrence, and close to the bank of the Eansas River, gave, in parts per 100,000 : SiO, and insoluble matter, 4450; Fe,O, and A1,0,, 3.45; CaSO,, 9.31 ; CaCO,, 15.03; MgCO,, 6.72; NaCl, 14.43; total solids, 53.44; GO, (free and in bicarbonates), 25.01. The water is at first clear, but, on standing, soon becomes turbid. I n the well is a homogeneous deposit having the following composition, which approaches that of limonite : SiO, and insoluble matter, 19.30; Fe,O, with a little A1,0,, 46.95; H,O below loo", 9.15; H,O at 230", 14-40; CaSO?, 0.25 ; CaCO,, 7.32 ; MgCO,, 0.75 ; NaC1, 0.60 per cent. ; organic matter, not determined. From this it is seen that the silica has remained in solution to a larger extent than the iron. The well is sunk in gravel containing nodules of limonite, and this has been dissolved by the percolating carbonated water ; the iron in the freshly-drawn water exists in the ferrous state, L. J. 5. L. J. S,