Right coronary autoregulation was assessed in 14 open-chest, anesthetized dogs. In Group 1 (n = 5), the left common and right coronary arteries were cannulated and perfused independently. As coronary perfusion pressures varied simultaneously between 70 and 120 mm Hg, right coronary blood flow changed by 48%, whereas left coronary flow changed by 13%. In this pressure range, the autoregula-tory closed-loop gain of the right coronary circulation averaged 0.37 ± 0.01, reflecting a modest autoregulatory capability but significantly less than that of the left coronary circulation, 0.78 ± 0.08. In Group 2 (n = 9), only the right coronary artery was perfused, and right coronary venous blood was collected for determining arteriovenous oxygen extraction. Autoregulatory gain was similar to that of Group 1, indicating that collateral flow associated with intercoronary pressure gradients does not mask right coronary autoregulation. Right ventricular myocardial oxygen consumption varied directly with perfusion pressure, ranging from 7.1 ± 1.0 to 2.9 ± 0.8 ml O2/min/100 g as pressure was reduced from 160 to 40 mm Hg. Thus, right coronary autoregulation is masked by an opposing change in oxygen demand. When right ventricular oxygen consumption was altered by pacing, a linear flow-oxygen consumption relationship was observed (8.2 ± 0.4 ml/min/100 g per ml CVmin/lOO g). Subtraction of flows associated with pressure-induced changes in metabolism revealed a potential autoregulatory capability of the right coronary circulation similar to that manifested by the left coronary circulation.