The presence of large numbers of adult goldeye (Hiodon alosoides) in backwater habitats of the upper Missouri River, combined with the presence of many other native fishes and their larvae, has raised questions about the predatory effect that goldeye may have on the larval fish community. Goldeye and larval fishes were sampled in backwater habitats during April, May, July, August, and September of 1997. Peak relative abundance of adult goldeye coincided with peak relative abundance of larval fishes in July. We examined the stomach contents from 161 goldeye collected in July and August to determine what proportion of the goldeye diet was composed of larval fishes. Only four stomachs contained larval fish (2.5% frequency of occurrence), and larval fishes composed less than 0.1% of the total number of food items. Corixidae, Coleoptera, and zooplankton (Copepoda and Cladocera) were the primary diet items.