The results of treatment of anorectal fistula by electrocauterization in 24 patients were compared with those obtained by ‘laying-open’ operation in another 24 patients. The two groups were matched for age, sex, fistula type and follow-up duration. In the cautery group, a fistula cautery probe was introduced into the fistulous track and the electric current was switched on for a few seconds. The laying-open operation was done in the classical way. In the electrocauterization group, recurrence occurred in 3 patients (12.5%). The procedure was done under local anesthesia, as an outpatient procedure. Mild analgesics were given to 8 patients. No antibiotics were administered. Continence was not affected. In the group undergoing laying-open operation, recurrence occurred in 4 patients (16.7%). The procedure was performed under general anesthesia with a mean hospital stay of 2.2 days. Analgesics and antibiotics were given to all patients. Temporary continence disorders occurred in 3 patients; 1 patient remained incontinent for flatus and fluid stools. In conclusion, electrocauterization for anorectal fistula is a simple, easy, safe and effective procedure. Moreover it is less expensive and performed on an outpatient ba