&NA;Diabetes‐related eye disease and thyroid‐related eye disease influence all aspects of the visual system. The reviewed reports demonstrate the role of glycosylated hemoglobin in the development of diabetic eye problems. Proliferative neovascular retinopathy remains the leading cause of blindness in diabetic patients, and a new experimental animal model for this has been found. The enzyme, aldose reductase, appears to participate in the development of retinopathy; enzyme inhibitory agents are reported that may be used for future preventive therapies. There are societal benefits associated with the prevention of diabetic eye disorders,eg, screening programs for the at‐risk populations are examined in several studies. Thyroid‐related eye disease has features in common with autoimmune phenomena. Immunoglobin analyses are described for diagnostic assistance and choice of therapy. Several treatment modalities are associated with significant long‐term complications, and such therapy is reexamined.Current Opinion in Ophthalmology 1993,4;VI:66‐74