The effects of three basal areas (9.2, 13.8, and 18.4 m2/ha), maximum diameters (30.5, 40.6, and 50.8 cm), and site indices (≤24.6, 24.7–27.4, and ≥27.5 m at 50 years) on establishment and development of loblolly pine (PinustaedaL.) regeneration and competing vegetation were determined on 81 permanent, 0.20-ha plots in south Arkansas and north Louisiana. Plots were harvested to the designated basal areas, maximum diameters, and aq-factor of 1.2 using the single-tree selection method during 1983 (a bumper seed year) and 1985 (a seed year failure); this necessitated including the year of harvest as a fourth variable. Pine regeneration and competing vegetation were evaluated 4 or 5 years after treatment. Models were developed to predict the number and percent stocking of pine seedlings and saplings and the percent coverage of competing vegetation. Fit indices ranged from 0.21 to 0.52 for pine regeneration and from 0.15 to 0.73 for coverage of competing vegetation. Pine regeneration was generally greatest for the 1983 harvest, the largest maximum diameters, and the poorest sites. Coverage for vines, hardwoods, and total vegetation was greatest on the good sites and generally for the lowest basal areas. Coverage of grasses, herbs, and shrubs did not vary significantly among treatments. Results suggest that seed production and competing vegetation influence the initial amounts of loblolly pine regeneration obtained with uneven-aged silviculture using single-tree selection.