SummaryTwo cases of pulmonary complications, caused byPlasmodium falciparumare reported. The first patient presented with an adult respiratory distress syndrome, of favourable evolution with a treatment combining antimalarial drugs, hydric restriction, continuous positive airway pressure and heparin. In the second patient, an asymptomatic interstitial pulmonary oedema was observed. In both cases, the prominent pathophysiological role of diffuse intravascular coagulation and the pronostic value of parasitaemia are outlined.