SummaryA case of toxoplasma encephalitis and myositis following cadaver kidney transplantation is reported. The clinical picture consisted in a dystonic syndrome associated with painful muscular spasms.Post mortemexamination showed toxoplasma granulomata within the basal ganglia, as well as necrotic and atrophic damage in many skeletal muscles. The pathogenesis of the clinical findings is discussed. From data of the literature it is concluded that the immuno-depressive therapy used to enhance allograft tolerance was responsible for the occurrence of a florid toxoplasma infestation of cerebral and muscular tissues in a young adult.