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Mineralogical chemistry

 

作者:

 

期刊: Journal of the Chemical Society  (RSC Available online 1885)
卷期: Volume 48, issue 1  

页码: 218-232

 

ISSN:0590-9791

 

年代: 1885

 

DOI:10.1039/CA8854800218

 

出版商: RSC

 

数据来源: RSC

 

摘要:

218 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.M i n e r a 1 o g i c a 1 C h em i s try.Determination of the Coefflcien t of Cubic Dilatation ofMinerals. By J. THOULET (Jahrb. f. Min., 1885, 1, Ref., 16--17).-Thoulet has already employed with advantage the high sp. gr. (3.2)of a concentrated aqueous solution of potassium mercury iodideMINERAL001CAL CHEMISTRY. 219From this, solutions may easily be prepared with sp. gr. 3.2 to 1.0.I n the meantime, V. Goldschmidt has estimated the cubic dilatationof mercury iodide solution a t various degrees of concentration, andthe table he has drawn up is employed by Thoulet for a method ofdetermining the coefficient of cubic dilatation of isotropic minerals i nsmall fragments.A funnel-shaped vessel is closed below by a cork, and in this isplaced a thin test-tube, about 110 mm.high and 35 mm. in diameter.The vessel is placed on a sand-bath and heated by a gas burner. Thetest-tube serves for the reception of the small fragments of mineraland a solution of mercury iodide of rather lower density than thah ofthe mineral at the maximum temperature employed. The surroundingspace, enclosed by the walls of the funnel, serves as a water-bath.The vessel is slowly cooled, and the temperature t1 observed, at whichthe mineral fragment, placed at t'he bottom, begins to float. Thedensity of the mineral D1 a t the temperature tl may then be deter-mined from the density of the solution D a t the temperature of thelaboratory t and froni Goldschmidt'a table. In a similar way, thedensity d is taken a t the minimum temperature t.The solutions ofmercury iodide employed a t the temperature t and tl will vary butvery slightly, so that to both solutions the same coefficient of dilata-tion a may be assigned. Then-D1 - 1D - 1 + a(t1- t )D' - D - _-d d(1 + a(tl- t ) ) .The coefficient of dilatation of the mineral is then1 + a(tl - t ) d - D k = ~~ (tl - t ) DAs a rule, the coefficient of dilatation is given for O", so that theD1 formula for .- would be DFor all practical purposes, the approximate formula given abovewill be enough. B. H. €3.Silver Amalgam from Oberlahnstein. By V. DECHEN (Jahrb.f. &fin., 1885, 1, Ref., 1Gj.-The amalgam occurs as a moss-like massin nests in the quartz of the Fiiedrichsegen vein.Three assays gave :42.47, 42.80, and 44.9 per cent. of mercury. I n addition to silver,0.06 per cent. of copper was found. This composition correspondswith the formula AgI2Hg5. Sp. gr. 12.703. Very ductile, and acquires,under the hammer, a metallic lustre. On heating, a porous mass ofsilver remains in the form of the original mineral. B. H. B220 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.Crystallised Copper from Schneeberg. By H. v. FOULLON(Jahrb. f. Min., 1885, 1, Ref., 23).-Numerous small crystals ofnative copper occur planted on quartz at Schneeberg in Saxony.They are crystallised only in octahedra. Simple crystals are rare,twin crystals are more frequent, and groups of four most frequent.The forms usually unite by a face of the octahedron. B. €3.B.Siegburgite. By H. KLINOER and R. PITSCHKI (Bey., 17, 27'42-2746).-The physical properties of this fossil resin have been de-scribed by v. Lasaulx (this Journal, 1875, 615). The amount of sandfound by the authors is much higher than is stated by v. Lasaulx ; thopowdered resin dried over sulphuric acid yielded 72.07- 72-42 percent. ash. When siegburgite is slowly distilled, a light yellow mobileliquid first comes over, then a thick dark-coloured distillate, the mas8in the flask first melting and then becoming solid, whilst finally agrey-black sandy residue remains. The distillate contains cinnamicacid and cinnamene, which may be separated by agitation with sodasolution ; the lower fractions were also found to contain toluene anda littJe benzene, whilst the fractions 120-140' and 150-360", havenot yet been examined.On treating siegburgite with aqueous soda, very little cinna*mic acidiis extracted ; alcohol, ether, and benzene take up a small quantity ofa resinous and amorphous substance ; chloroform extracts a resinwhilst the concretions swell up, the sand settles t o the bottom coveredwith a gelatinous mass, which probably is principally metacinnamene,as when dried and distilled, it jields a considei*able quantity of cinna-mene together with cinnamic acid.It appears from these results thatsiegburgite is a fossil storax. A. K. M.Hatchettine from Seraing. By G. DEWALQUE (Jahrb. f. Min.,1885, 1, Itef., 21).--The melting point of this mineral is not fixed; atabout 5 6 5 8 ' it begins to melt, but does not, become perfectly fluiduntil a temperature of 62--64O is reached.Its behaviour on coolingis quite similar. Crystallisation begins at 59O, and at 56-5-57' thewhole mass becomes solid. Hatchettine is, therefore, probably not asimple substance but a mixture.Mineralogical Notes on the Environs of Pontgibaud. ByF. GONNARD (Jahrh. f. Min., 1885, 1, Ref., 26).-The author gives alist of the numerous minerals occurring near Pontgibaud. In additionto the usual lead ores (galena, cerussite, anglesite, pyromorphite,mimetesite), the following are worthy of note :-Fluorspar in largecrystals from Pontgibaud and Martineehe. Small crystals of bourno-nite, from the Roure Mine, with the forms OP, Pdj, mP&, 4P, P&,mP& ; larger crystals occur at Barbecot.Tetrahedrite from Pranalin large crystals,in which the usual forms 202 ~ - predominate; the2 ' 2composition is as follows :-B. H. B.5. Sb. Cu. Fe. Zn. Ag. Total. Sp. gr.24.35 22.30 23-56 6-53 2.34 19-03 98.11 5.0MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 221Zinkenite (argentiferous) from Peschadoire, in which the percentagesof antimony and lead (45 and 28 respectively) do not agree with theusual analyses. The chlorophyllito occurring near the town of Pont-giband is described somewhat in detail.By E. DOLL (Jahrb. f. Min., 1885, 1, Ref., 18-21).-The author describes a new pseudomorph, and several rarepseudomorphs from new localities. The pseudomorphs described arefhe following :-1. Marcasite after blende from the talc-like nacrite ofSchonfeld near Schlaggenwald. 2.Iron pyrites after marcasite fromRapnik. 3. Blende after galena and barjtes in the quartz-andesiteof Nagyag. 4. Quartz and red hamatite after garnet from Carinthia.5. Talc after quartz and dolomite from Oker in the Harz.B. H. B.Pseudomorphs.B. H. B.Stibnite from Japan. By J. A. KRENNER (Juhrb. f. Mi%., 1885,1, Ref., 6-10) .-The complexity of form observed among Japanesestibnite crystals is very remarkable. Of the 45 planes known pre-vious to the publication of Dana’s memoir (Abstr., 1884, 22), 30 havebeen observed on these Japanese stibnites, and, in addition to these,40 new planes were determined by Dana. Krenner has now intro-duced 10 new svmbols, 7 of which are identical with those found bvDana.The thiee new planes are the following : &P, AP, &P.B. H, B.A Crystal of Stibnite from Japan. By A. BRUN (Jahrb. f.Min., 1885, 1, Ref., 10-ll).-The aut,hor has measured a crystalfrom the island of Shikoku. The following forms were observed :-wp&, wP$, P, %P#, SP, &P, %Pi. a : b y c = 0.99839 : 1 : 1.01127.B. H. B.Japanese Minerals. By WADA (Jahrb. f. Min., 1885,1, Ref., 11-13).-1ron pyrites occurs as cubes a t Kiura, in the island of Kin-Shiu, as 0. [?] at Kiso in the province of Shinano, and as0.mOm at Utesan in the province of Idsumo. Copper pyrites occursits tetrahedra from the veins in the diabase or diabase-tufts of Ani,province of Ugo, accompanied by galena, blende, quartz, and theusual vein minerals.Stibnite occurs in crystalline schists, i n veins0.63 metre wide and filled with compact ore, in cavities in which arefound the crystals described by Dana and Krenner. The localitygiven by Dana (Abstr., 1884, 22) is incorrect. It should be thestibnite mine of Ichinokawa, near Saijo, province Jyo, in the island ofShikoku. The author next describes a long and thick crystal ofapatite from the granite of the Kympusan Mountain, in the provinceof Kai. It is weathered on the surface, and has a sp. gr. of 3-19.Splendid specimens of topaz occur i n the pegmatite veins in thegranite of Otani-pma, near the town of Kioto. The crystals arecolourless, yellow, and greenish, and are of great size. One of averagedimensions is 77 mm. long in the direction of the axis c, and 75 mm.and 120 mm.in the direction of a and 6. The following forms wereobserved:-mP, mP2, mP&, OP, P, iP, QP, 2P&, Pij, $P&,Pfi, $Pa. Similar crystals occur at Nakatsu-gama, province o222 ABSTRACTS OF CREMlCAL PAPERS.Mino. The author next describes toiirmaline from four localities,three of which are in granite or gneiss, and the fourt,h specimen wasbrought to Tokio, with pale green beryl, from the second of the topazdeposits mentioned above. The first three are black, and the last isazure-blue. One locality of black tourmaline is the KimpusanMountain, where for centuries rock crystals have been worked. Asecond locality is the granite of the Kirishima-yama, province ofOsurni, in the island of Kiu-Shiu. The third black tourmaline occurswith potassium-mica, and felspar, as a constituent of a pegmatite ofthe province of Hidachi.Garnet occurs in three localities ; at Kuro-yuwa, in the province of Etchiu, as reddish-brown crystals, ~00,202,with decomposed felspar and quartz ; a t Wnda-mura, province ofShiuano, reddish-brown to black crystals, 030.202, occur ; and in themica schist of Yamao-muro, province of Hidachi, brown icositetra-hedrons, 202, with the characteristic striation are met with. Zeolitesare found in the cavities of a diabase amygdnloid from Mase-mum,province of Echigo. Milk-white apophyllite, similar to the crystalsof Punah, and coloudess crystals (202) of analcime, on a radiated crustof natrolite, occur. From the first of the above-mentioned topazlocalities, a number of potash felspars come, similar to those ofStriegau. B.H. B.By J. D.BRUCE (Ghem. News, 50, 220).-The specimen had the usual appear-ance cf marmalite, but contained an exceptionally large quantity ofantimony. Analysis gave :-Marmalite from Himmelfahrt Mine, Freiburg.InsolubleZn. Fe. Cu. Sb. Mn. S. residue.50.82 14.52 2.35 1.14 trace 31.67 0.14 = 100.64D. A. L.Twin Crystals of Zircon. By FOOTE (Jahrb. f. Min., 1885, 1,Ref., 15-16) .-At Eganville, Renfrew County, Canada, small butdistinct twin-crptals of zircon occur. They are formed exactly likethe well-known rutile and tinstone twin-crystals. The twinning planeis here, also, PGO.(Jahrb. f. Min., 1885, 1, Ref., 21--23).--The author gives a detaileddescription of the crystallised pitchblende from Mitchell Co., NorthCarolina, and adds, for the sake of comparison, an account of theother occurrences of pitchblende and its alteration-products.Thecrystals examined consisted of cubes with subordinate octahedron.The crystals from Mitchell Co. are mostly pseudomorphs, frequentlycontaining a, core of pitchblende. The exterior is lemon-yellow, andconsists of uranophane ; beneath this is an orange-coloured layer ofgummite. The gammite represents the first stage of the decom-position of pitchblende, nranophane the second. Both products aredescribed by the author as independent minerals. The chemicalcomposition of the unaltered pitchblende is :-B. H. B.Products of the Alteration of Pitchblende.By H. V. FOULLONU,O*. PbO. Fe203. Total.95.49 3.83 1-09 100.4MISERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 2235-02 -74.670.46 -- -1-063-389-80--Analyses of gummites and similar minerals are given in theannexed table :-1 and 2, orange-coloured exterior of crystals fromMitchell Go. ; 3, gutninite from Joachimsthal ; 4 and 5 eliasite fromJoachimsthal ; 6, pittinite from Joachimsthal ; 7, coracite from LakeSuperior.5.035 *5174.920-36- --1-063.019.91-SiO, .........PbO .........uo3 .........l?e203 ........Al,03 ........MgO .........BaO .........CaO.. ........H20 .........Bi203 ........Insoluble.. ....MnpO3.a e . * a .PpO, .........co, ...........9.--13-2456-96trace --7 -0013’17I -1. I 2.10.13.4764-360.47--7 -4913’32--I- --- I - - I -4.4 -925 *0463.388 -641 *920 *854 -5410 ‘24----- -5.6.--5 .oo2 -5168 -454.54--0 -552 ‘2710 9 62 ‘673 -20---7.4 -355 ’3659 -302 *240 *90---14 ‘444 *64 --7 *47 -In discussing these analyses, the author concludes that in Kersten’sanalyses of gummite ( 3 ) the lead oxide was overlooked, and thatall these products of the alteration of pitchblende agree with gum-mite, and that the names eliasite, pittinite, and coracite should there-fore be dropped. From analyses 1 and 2 the formula RUySiO,, + 6H,O is calculated. This mineral is of an orangs colour, is notamorphous but crystalline, has a hardness of 3, and a sp.gr. of 4.7-4.84.8, 9, and 10 are lemon-yellow products of the alteration of pitchblende from Mitchell Go. ; 11,uranophane from Kupferberg, in Silesia ; 12, uranotile from Neustadtl,near Schneeberg.Analyses of uranophane are also given.SiO, .............Fe203 ............Al,03 ............MgO .............CaO .............H20.. ............P,O, .............K,O. .............uo, .............11.--17 -0853’336 *lo1-465 -0715 -111 -85--12.13-7866 T5 } 0.515 *2712 -670 -54--13.13 *0263.933.03 { trace5.1314 -55---It is remarkable that, in this mineral, the lead oxide is absent.The author is of opinion that the name “uranotile” must, b224 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.dropped.The formula is, according to Boricky, CaU3Si,01d + 9H,O ;according to Rammelsberg, ChU6Si,0, + 15H20; and according toGenth, CaU,SizOll + 6Hz0. B. H. B.Listwaenite from the Poroschnaj a Mountain, near Nischne-Tagilsk. By M. v. MIKLUCHO-MACLAY (Jahrb. f. Min., 1885, 1, Mem.,69-73) .-In Macpherson’s account of the rocks from the Spanishprovince of Galicia, a description is given of a crystalline schist,locally known as duelo, which appears to correspond with a rock fromthe Ural, described bv G. Rose as listwaenite. In order to test howfar the analogy extends, the author examined a number of Rpecituensin the Heidelberg collection, from the Poroschnaja Mountain, nearNische-Tagilsk in the Ural.The examination of the specimens of listwaenite showed that therock consists mainly of reddish-brown magnesium carbonate andgreenish-white talc, with grains of chrome iron ore.The analysis ofthe carbonate gave the following results :-MgCO,. FeC03. CaC03. Total.73-47 19.94 7.47 100-88The carbonate, therefore, is a lime-breunnerite. The analysis of thetalc gave the following results :-SiO,. FeO. MgO. H,O. T3t&l.62.61 3 4 29-55 5.18 100.78The Poroschnaja rock, like Macpherson’s dueh, is free from quartz,but listwaenites from it number of localities in the Ural are describedby Rose, as being rich in quartz. A comparison of the quartz-freelistwaenite wit’h the Galician dueZo, shows that the two rocks ayeidentical. For the Galician rock, therefore, the correct name wouldbe quartz-free listwaenite.Accidental Formation of Cerussite Crystals on Roman Coins,By A.LACROIX (Jahrb. f. Ma’n., 1885, 1, Ref., 27).-Cerussite waafound on Roman copper coins from Algiers, containing 16.20 per cent.of lead and 3.97 per cent. of tin. The coins were cemented togetherby copper carbonate, and the geodes, formed between them, containedcerussite, small cubes of cuprite, with malachite and azurite. Theauthor is of opinion that the cerussite was formed by the action of solu-tions which had taken up alkali carbonates from the masonry.B. H. B.B. H. B.Colernanite. By G. v. RATH (Jahrb. f. Min., 1885, 1, Mem., 77-78).-An analysis of colemanite (named after W. T. Coleman, ofSa,n Francisco, the founder of the borax industry in the Pacific States),gave the following results :-B203.CaO. H20. A1203 and Fe?O,. SiOp.48-12 28.43 22.20 0.60 0.65After subtracting the impurities, t h i s gives :MINERALOGICAL CHEMIST R T. 225B,O,. CRO. HzO. Total.48-72 28.79 22-49 100-00This corresponds very closely with the priceite from Curry County,Oregon.The new crystals recently found in the neighbourhood of the DryLake are transparent aud extraordinarily rich in planes, forming one( ~ f the finest monoclinic combinations known. The following formswere observed : -P, P, -3P, - 342.3, 2P, 233, gm, Ssm, 2Pm, cap,mg2, ~ P w , m%!cm, OP. The sp. gr. is 2-41:? aiid the hardness 5.B. H. B.Fluorapatites. By A. DIT~E (Compt. r e d . , 99, 967--97O).-Thephosphoric acid in Auorapntites can be replaced by arsenic or vanadicacid, with formation of strictly analogous compounds.Fluorarsenates are obtained by the same methods as the fluorphos-phates, substituting a metallic arsenate or arsenic acid fop the phos-phate or phosphoric acid.Ammonium arsenate may be used insteadof arsenic acid, but in this‘case a platinum crucible cannot be employed,hince it is attacked by the free arsenic which is liberated. A porcelaincrucible, however, is oiily very slightly corroded by the fused fluoride.The reactions which take place are strictly analogous to those whichoccur in the formation of fluorphosphates, and the apatite obtainedis quite free from chlorine.Calcium Jlzco ra rsenate, 3 Ca, As,O,, CaF,, forms brilliant transparenthexagonal prisms, terminated by hexagonal pyramids, the faces ofwhich are striated parallel with the base.The crystals dissolvereadily in dilute acids, especially ou beating, and they are decomposedby sulphuric acid with evolution of hydroflnoric acid. Barium,strontium, and magnesium fluorarsenates, prepared in like manner, arevery similar to the corresponding phosphorus compounds.Fluorvanadates can be obtained by the same methods, but the yieldis not so satisfactory. Better results aye obtained by using an excessof calcium fluoride, bnt part of the vonadic acid is always convertedinto a soluble compound, which yields a yellow solution when thefused mass is treated with water. Moreover, any apatite which maybe formed is decomposed by the fused salts, unless the fluoride is inexcess.A very small quantity of undecomposed fluoride is sufEcientto ensure the stability of calcium fluorvanadate. 10 the case of stron-tium, however, and still more in the cases of barium and magnesium,this does not hold good. I f only a small proportion of fluoride isused, no fluorvanadate is obtained, whilst if the fluoride is in largeexcess, the vanadate is attacked and converted into a soluble compound.uomanadate, 3Ca3V2O,,CaF, forms thin white hexagonalneedles, .with hexagonal terminations. It can also be obtained byfusing 1 molecular proportion of vanadic acid with 3 of calcium oxide,nad then fusing the calcium vanadate thus formed with a large excessof potassium chloride and a small quantity of fluorspar, for 15-20hours.Sts.ontiurn Jluorvanadate is obt,ained by the first methods in verysmall quantity, and intimately mixed with strontium vanadate.Nobarium or magnesiua fluorvanadate could be obtained.VOL. XLVIII. TCaZciunzC. H. B226 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.Artificial Gypsum Crystals. By A. LACROIX (J. Pham. [ 5 ] , 9,lll-ll3).-Small monoclinic prisms of gypsum, about, 2 mm. long.were formed in a Briiner's lead pan, which had been out of use f o ~about four months. When last used, a little water had been placed inthe pan and thrown out again, so that a paste of undecomposed fluor-spar and some calcium sulphate remained. The pan had not bee11exposed to a temperatnre greater than 13" C. At the end of the foul,months, the little liquid left in the pan when last used liadcompletelyevaporated, and a beautiful incrustation of crystals had formed overthe fluoride, and the sides of the pan.Their composition agreetlclosely with that required by CaS04 + 2H,O.The crystals bore a striking resemblance in form to those obtainedfrom the salt deposits of Bex (Canton Vaud), Switzerland.J. T.A New Hydrous Manganese Aluminium Sulphate fromSevier Co., Tennessee. By W. G. BROWN (Amer. Chem. J., 6, 97-lOl).-This mineral and its locality are mentioned by Dana underkalinite. The mass analysed contained in cavities small silky needles,apparently monoclinic; H. = 1.5; sp. gr. = 1.78. Analysis showsthat this mineral is not kalinite, but is related to apjolinite antimore nearly to bosjemanite (Dana), and the author suggests thatthese two minerals may perhaps be identical.The analytical resultsobtained were -A1203. MnO. FeO. MgO. (CoNi)O. CuO. SO,. H,O. Insoluble.10.03 8.73 0.39 0.30 0.30 0.02 35.47 44.78 0.06 = 100.08H. B.Occurrence of Linarite in Slag. By P. DUDGEON (ETz. Mag., 5,33).-Well-formed crystals of linarite, 3 mm. long, were found insome of the cavities in slag from an old lead-smelting place, evidentlyof Roman origin, on the farm of Martingarth, in the parish ofTroqueer, in Scotland. There were no other crystallised mineralsin the cavities. B. H. B.Wulfenite from Beaujolais. By A. LACROIX ( J a h ~ b . .f. lUi?z,,1885, 1, Ref., 27).-Wnlfenite is found in numerous places near theabandoned mines of Beaujolais, especially abundantly at illonsols.It is generally accompanied by pgromorphite.The crystals a1-etabular, and the colour varies from orange-yellow to deep red. Inthe latter crystals, however, no trace of chromium could be found, tothe presence of which Fournet ascribed this colouring. The author isof opinion that the colour is due to long exposure to the a,tnio-sphere. [Groth and Jnst ( Z e d s . .f. Kyyst., 7, 592) have already shownthat the presence of chromium is not the cause of the colour of wulfe-nite, and Ochsenius (ibid., 7 , 59;3) found that red wulfenite crystalsbecome lighter on exposure t o air and light.]Amphibole from the Aranyer Mountain. By A. FRdNZEh'Ali( J & T ~ . f. Mi%., 1885, 1, Ref., 17--18).-Up to the present time, 18planes have been observed in amphibole crystals : of these, 14 havebeen detected on the Aranyer crystals. I n addition to these, theB.H. BMINERALOGICAL CHEhIISTR Y. 227a u t h r has added the following five new planes: mP2, -2Pv3,-3Pq -5P$, -4P. a : b : c = 0.54812 : 1 : 0.29455. @ =74' 39.7'. The crystals are of a green colour, and occur in a redclislitracbpte. Twin crgstals were not observed. B. H. R.By H. C. Lwrs ( J d ~ . b .f. Nin., 1885, 1, Ref., 15).-Helvine occurs in orthoclase in the mica,mine near Amelia Court House, Virginia, in sulphur-yellow crystalliiiemasses along with topnzolite. H. = 6 ; sp. gr. = 4.306 ; lustre, resi-nous ; partially translucent ; fusible. An analysis of the raw material(I) is given, together with the results without the mother-rock im-purities (11).An American Locality for Helvine.Si02.BeO. MnO. Fe203. A1,0,. CaO. K,O.I. 23.10 11.47 45.38 2.05 2.68 0.64 0.3911. 25.48 12-63 39-07 2-26 2.95 0.71 0.43Na,O. 5. Mn. Rock. Total.I. 0.92 4.50 - 9-22 100.35TI. 1.01 4.96 8-66 - 9 ~ ~ 1 6The substance is decomposed by hydrochloric acid. The miiiei*a,lhas without doubt much in common with helvine, but the composi-tion is very different, for helvine contains about 32.5 per cent. ofsilica. The sp. gr.., too, is different, that of helvine being but 3.2.Further investigation is therefore necessary, more especialfy as to thepurity of the material. B. H. B.Hyalophane from Jakobsberg. By T,. J. IGELSTR~M (Jahrh. f.Nin.. 1885, 1, Ref ., 2G).-Hyalophane occurs at Jakobsberg, Werrri-land, Sweden, in slaty beds in limestone containing hansmannite axidmanganese epidote. The principal mass is white, but in the middleoccur reddish, and at the edges, bluish-green spathic masses.Thelatter gave on analysis the following results :-SiOs. A1,03. RaO. NgO. MnO. Alkalis. Total.53.53 23.33 7.30 3.23 trace 11.71 99.10This varietydiffers in composition from the red variety from Jakobsberg, andfrom the variety found in Binnenthal, in Wallis. B. H. 12.Garnet (var. Spessartite) from Amelia Co., Virginia. ByC. M. BRADBURY (Chern. News, 50, 220).-The specimen is from t h emica mines G f Amelia Go. ; it is of a pale pink t80 flesh colour, re-sembling rliodonite more than the usual form of garnet.Its hardnessis 6.5, its sp. gr. 4.20. From the following results, it will be Been thatthe manganese is higher, whilst the iron and aluminium are lowerthan usual :-The absence of rubidium and czesium was proved.SiO,. A1203. FeO. MnO. CaO. MgO. OH,.36.34 12.63 4.57 44.20 1.49 0.47 trace = 99-70D. A. L.r 228 ABSTRACTS OF CHEJIICAL PAPERS.Kaslinite from Calhoun Co., Alabama. By G. H. ROWAN(Chenz. News, 50, 220).-The specimen is unusually pure, and comesfrom near Jacksonville. It is white with a creamy tinge, earthy withclayey odour, adheres to the tongue, and is slightly greasy to thetouch. The following are the results of its an-alysis :-I t s sp. gr. 1=: 1.688.SiO,. A1,03. CaO. HzO. Mg0,Fe20,.45.77 39.45 0.79 13.96 trace = 99.97D.A. L.pended :-SO,. AIZO3.75.68 9.88The wateiInfusorial Earth from Richmond, Virginia. By J. M.CABELL (Chem. News, 50, 219).---As previous analyses of this sub-stance have apparently been made on impure specimens, a specimenwas procured composed almost exclusively of distinguishable infu-soria. It is white with a tinge of yellow, is slightly harsh to t,hetouch, and has a sp. gr. of 2.321. The results of analysis are ap-NitrogenousmatterFe20,. CaO. MgO. KzO. Na,O. (X x 6 ) . OHz. Total.2.92 0.29 0.69 0.02 0.08 0.84 8-37 = 98.77r and silica were made up in the following manner :-Silica dissolved by boiling 1 hour with 20 per cent. soda. 29.607, 9 9 ,, 2 hours ,, 7 9 1 9 4.79,, undissolved 9 9 9 7 9 41.2975.68Loss by drying over H2SOa ..............3.37Loss a t 100". ........................... 1.17Loss by ignition (less N) ............... 3.83Water ................................ 8-37D. A. L.Description of a Crystal of Euclase. By M. GUYOT (illin..JPug,, 5, 107--108).-The crystal comes from the mining district BoaVista, near Villa Ricca, Brazil, where alluvial strata containingdiamonds occur with chlorite schist. The weight of the crystal is15.45 grams ; sp. gr. 3.087. It is 35 mm. long, sea-green like beryl,with vitreous lustre, nacreous on the cleavage planes. One termina-tion is perfectly developed, the other fractured. The prism mP gavethe angle 144" 37'. The following planes were present :--mPm,WPm, OP, mP, mP2, 33?3, 3P3, 2 9 2 . The crystal is one of thefinest crystals of euclase which has ever been discovered.B.H. B.Variety of Chloropal from Albemarle Co., Virginia. By1;. N. CHAPPRLL (Cl~ern. Xews, 50, 219--220).--The mineral is foundiu leaf-like pieces of various sizes in a ferruginous clay ; the neighMINERALOGICAL CHEAlISTRY. 229bouring rock is largely composed of quartz, felspar, and epidote.When dug out, it is massive and soft ; when dry it becomes harderand brittle with earthy fracture. It can be cut with a knife, givinga slightly lustrous surface, greasy to the touch. It does notadhere to the tongue, and is of a light yellowish-green colour. Itshardness is about 1 ; its sp. gr. = 2-06. When treated with hydro-chloric or sulphuric acid, it is decomposed with separation of silica.Its composition is-Si02.A1,0,. Fe20,. FeO. CaO. MgO. OHz. Total.38.64 20.06 22.18 0.04 1.09 0.44 15.71 = 98.15which nearly corresponds to that of pinguite, a variety of chloropal,2AIZ0,,3SiO2 + 4&HZ0.By G. A. K ~ N I G (Juhrb. f. Min., 1885,1, Ref., 14).-In the mica mine near Amelia Court House, Virginia,two specimens of orthite were found. They were pitch-black andhard, but covered with a thin reddish-brown incrustation. Sp. gz'.3.368, The mineral fuses with intumescence to a black slag, and isdecomposed by concentrated hydrochloric acid and dilute sulphuricacid. The analyses gave-SiOP A1,03. Fe,03. Cc02. La,O, + Di20,. FeO. CaO.32.90 17.W 1-20 8.00 14.20 10.04 11-32MnO. HZO. Total.1.00 3-20 99.66D. A. L.Orthite from Virginia.together wit.h a trace of uranium, but neither yttrium nor beryllium,B. H.B.Variety of Saponite. By J. 5. DOBBIE (&fin. 2clccg., 5,131-132).-The variety of saponite described is of a deep chocolate-browncolour. It was obtained from the dolerite of the Cathkin Hills, nearGlasgow. It occurs in irregular lenticular patches, or in horizontalveins. It has a concho'idal fracture and soapy feel. H. = 2. Sp. p.8.214.Si02. A1203. Fe203. FeO. CaO. MgO. CO,. HzO. Total.I. 40.07 6.61 4.16 8.69 2.67 19.24 0.38 17.16 98.9811. 39.90 6.941 3.75 8.91 2-32 19.28 0.40 17.28 98-76111. 40.81 6-77 4.28 8.73 2.09 19*i6 0.36 17.11 99-91The Cnthkin Hillsmineral differs from other saponites in containing a larger percentageof ferrous oxide, and a smaller percentage of total water.The analyses gave the following results :-At loo", 13.02 per cent.of water is given off.B. H. B.Relation between the Optical Properties and Chemical Com-position of Pyroxene. By C. DOELTER (Jahrb. f. JIhz., 1885, 1,iXem., 43--68).--The admixture of FeCaSi?O, with the silicateCaMgSi2O6, causes an increase in the value of the extinction angle inthe plane of symmetry, and in the prism faces. I n the same way,this increase is brought about by the admixture of silicates of th2 30 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.formula R‘R”’2Si06, and the same amount per cent. of the lattersilicate effects a greater alteration in the extinction angle than iseffected by CaFeSi206. If the sums of all these silicates (CaFeSi20Gand R”R”,SiO,) be taken as abscissae, and the values of the extinc-tion angles be taken as ordinates, the curve obtained is y = a + bx + 6x2.If, however, for abscissae the values of FeO, Fe203, and A1,0,(together or separately) are taken, a less regular curve is obtained.The curve for the diopsides (combinations of CaMgSi206 andCaFeSi,Oc) does not coincide with that for the alumina augites. Forthe lime-magnesia silicate, theoretically perfectly free from iron andalumina, the extinction angle is about $2” 30’. The value of theangle formed by the perpendicular to the orthopinacoid and an opticaxis, increases, as a rule, in proportion to the total amount of theiron and aluminium silicates present.New Mineral from Godemas. By LODIN (Jahrh.f. Jfin., 1885,1, Ref., as).-At Godenins (Hautes-Alpes), two ore veins occur inthe masses of finely -granular mnscovite granite, stratified conform-ably to the gneiss beds. One vein contains quartz, iron pyrites,copper pyrites, blende, and a little argentiferous galena ; the othercontains quartz, blende, and antimonial fahlerz, rich in silver. Theanalysis of the mass filling tlie second vein gave the followingresults :-SiO,. S. Sb. As. Cu. Pe. Zn. Pb. Ag. Total.66-31 9.93 3.85 0.15 5-98 2.09 8.67 0.80 0.15 97.93From the same vein, the author obtained a compact, homogeneousmineral of a dark bluish-grey colour and fibrous texture, with sp. gr.6-17. It fuses at a dull red heat, and gives grains resenibling theoriginal mineral. The composition is as follows :-SiO,.8. Sb. As. Cu. Fe. Pb. Ag. Total.0.25 1i.54 0.62 trace 44.52 0.79 35.87 0.11 99.70This corresponds to the formula 2CuS + PbS. As the mineral con-tains but little antimony and silver, although the vein-mass is com-paratively rich in these nietals, the author is of opinion that it wasformed by the action of the fahlerz on the galena, poor in silver.By J. E. WOLFF(Jnlzrb. f . Min., 1885, 1, Mem., 69).-The author collected in theCrazy Mountains, Montana, peculiar eruptive rocks, which in veinsand masses penetrate the horizontal sandstone and conglomerate ofthe Cretaceous formation. These rocks consist of nepheline, amineral of the sodalite group, augite, magnesia mica, olivine, magne-t ite, apatite, and the usual accessory constituents.These eruptiveiiiasses, therefore, belong to the nepheline rocks, a class hithertoundiscovered in the United States. B. H. B.Meteorite from Durango. By L. H ~ P K E ( J ~ h y b . f. Nin., 1885, 1,Ref., 32-33).-In the autumn of 1882, a new meteoric iron wasfound near DLIMI~~O, in Mexico, a t a depth of 25 to 30 mi. FromB. H. B.B. H. B.Nepheline Rocks in the United StatesMINERALOGICAL CHEJIISTRT. 231the slight depth, it WAS concluded that the meteorite had reached thatspot during the year 1882. The iron has a prismatic-pyramidalshape, and weighs 4tj kilos. The analysis gavethe following results :-Sp. gr. 7.74-7-89.Fe. Ni. C O . P and C.91.78 8.35 0.01 tracesThe meteorite has been purchased by the British Museum.B.H. B.Meteoric Sand. By F. MAUGIKI (Gazzetta? 14, 130--136).--Thepeculiar glowing appearance of the sky at dawn and twilight observedduring the winter months of 1883-1884, was attributed by some toparticular atmospheric conditions, such as general stillness, and anextraordinary quantity of aqueous vaponr diffused a t high elevations ;but by others to the volcanic dust of the Krakatoa eruption. Yung,in Geneva, and Nordenskiiiid, in Stockholm, have observed thepresence of iron in meteoric dust which fell on snow. On the 16thand 19th February, and March loth, 1884, the author collected somered-coloured dust at Reggio, in Calabria, M hich, when examined underthe microscope, seemed to consist of mica, quartz, and irrcgularpolyhedric crystals.The plowing phenomenon, accompanied byrain, was observed on these dates. An incomplete analysis of thisdust, when freed from organic matter, gave the following results :-Magnetic iron oxide ............ 6.4Insoluble in acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 75Soluble in acids. ............... 54.85The insoluble portion contained sulphui-ic and phosphoric acids, silica,calcium, magnesium, arsenious mid ferric oxides ; and the soluble por-tion, aluminium, nickel, and manganous oxides. This dust differsfrom that obtained a t Stockholm, in containing no cobalt and onlytraces of nickel. The dust mas not derived from Etna, for the direc-tion of the wind on the days in question was opposite ho that in whichNtna and Reggio are situated ; and further, the volcanic ashes of$:tila are black.It also differed frorri dust carried from the deserts ofSahara by the sirocco in containing iron (see Abstr., 1884, 165), so itwould appear to be of peculiar origin. V. H. V.Mineral Water of Salies-du-Salat. By P, SABATIER (Bull.&Voc. Chim., 42, 98-99) .-The foliowing results were obtained 0 1 1analysis of the mineral water of Salies-du-Salat (in the departmentof Haute-Ga,ronne), the outflow of which has been known for severalcenturies :-1 kilogram of the water contains-Sodinm chloride ......................Potassium chloride. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sodium sulphate ......................Calcium sulphate ....................Magnesium sulphate ..................Calcium carbonate ....................Sodium silicate ......................Grams.31.4940.51650.49242.67850.55920 * 3 1360.009232 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.There were also found traces of bromine and iodine, nitric andboric acids, together with aluminium, lithium, strontium, iron, manga-nese, and zinc. As these results are not in accordance with t h eanalyses of Bories and Pilhol, it is probable that there are irregularo r periodic variations in the composition of the spring.V. H. V.Water from the Red Spring of Zacaune (Tarn, France). ByL. SOUBEIRAN and G. MASSOL (Jour. Pharm. [ 5 ] , 9, 8S-P9).--Thisferruginous spring rises on the flank of a mountain composed oftalcose schist of the transition period.1020 C.C. of the water gave 38 C.C. of gas containing CO, = 6 c.c.,0 = 5 c.c., and N = 27 C.C. A slight effervescence a t the springresults entirely from the disengagement of nitrogen. The water wasfound to contain-in grams per litre :-FeC09 .. 0.026 Na,C03 .. 0.033 SiO, .. .. . . . . 0.031CaC03 , . 0.053 NaCl . . . . 0.001 Organic matter tracesMgCO,. . 0.013 NazSOl.. traces Total.. . . 0.156A deposit formed by the spring consists mainly of iron oxide andsilica ; it moreover contains magnesia and lime, and effervesces withacid. J. T.Arsenic in Mineral Waters. By J . LEFORT (JOZW. Ph,nmz. [51,9, 81--85).-1n all analyses of mineral waters, the arsenic is repre-sented as being in the higber state of oxidation, as ai*senates, and notas arsenites. The author recommends the well-known remtions withhydrogen sulphide, in slightly acidified solutions, as sufficient todetermine the question. It is quite possible that arsenic may occurin natural water as arsenate if the mineralisation of the water hastaken place under oxidising conditions ; but if under reducing condi-tions, then arsenites rould be produced. 5. T

 

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