Buttock pain is a common presenting symptom either in Isolation or in combination with low back or posterior thigh pain. The two major causes of buttock pain are firstly, pain referred from the lumbar spine, and secondly sacroillac Joint pain. Any pathological process which stimulates nociceptive nerve endings in the lumbar spine can cause somatic pain. These nerve endings can be found in a number of structures in the lumbar spine. Dysfunction of the sacroillac joint occurs commonly. This dysfunction is usually an anterior rotation. The examination of the sacroillac joint is discussed and a number of treatment options offered.