ABSTRACTEndoscopy of the caudal reproductive tract, or post‐uterine endoscopy, is a method of examining the mucosal aspect of the vagina and vestibule/vulva of the live bitch. In this study the post‐uterine, or caudal, reproductive tracts of forty‐five bitches of pedigree and mixed ancestry were examined endoscopically. The instrumentation and method of endoscopic examination are described. The endoscopic appearance of the mucosal aspect of the vagina, vestibule and vulva was observed during anoestrus and several phases of the sexual cycle, and in the spayed bitch. Visual records made during endoscopy were compared with the exfoliative vaginal cytology and behavioural responses. The results obtained indicate that post‐uterine endoscopy is a relatively rapid and accurate method of detecting the sexual status of the bitch, and compared well with the other methods used in this study. It is suggested post‐uterine endoscopy also has a value in allied investigative procedures or reproductive