AbstractTwo samples of cellulose (molecular weight 2.97 × 105and 1.25 × 105) were transformed into carbanilates (CTC) which were then fractionated by the elution method at a constant composition of the acetone‐water elution mixture with the column temperature gradually increasing from −30°C to 30°C, and by the GPC method in acetone and tetrahydrofuran. Tetrahydrofuran appeared to be a more suitable solvent. The molecular weights of fractions obtained by the elution fractionation were determined by the light‐scattering method in tetrahydrofuran. The width of fractions was determined by the GPC method (averageMw/Mn= 1.37); the [η] values and the Mark‐Houwink constants (K= 5.3 × 10‐3,a= 0.84) for tetrahydrofuran at 25°C were determined. The calibration curve for the GP method was constructed by means of the fractions thus obtained; it was demonstrated that the universal calibration curve according to Benoit can also be used. It was demonstrated that the molecular weight distribution of cellulose can be conveniently determined by conversion into CTC followed either by the elution fractionation (for preparative purposes) or by fractionation by the GPC method (for anal