The purpose of this descriptive study was to determine the relationship of demographic variables and mothers' perceived vulnerability to eight communicable diseases with immunization compliance. A random sample consisting of 40 mothers with preschool-age children 4–24 months of age was interviewed by means of the Communicable Disease Perceived Vulnerability Scale and the investigator-developed Demographic Data Collection Instrument. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and chi-square (p≤. 05). The average mother in the sample was White, had a 10th-to 12th-grade education, was 24–31 years old, and had a yearly income of $10,000-$45,000. Statistically there were no significant relationships between maternal characteristics or between maternal vulnerability beliefs and immunization compliance. However, it is clinically significant that the overall compliance rate of 70% in this rural area is much higher than the national average of 50%. Findings suggest that using health education materials at the time of newborn discharge, mailing reminder cards, and accessing a statewide computer recall system may increase immunization compliance. In addition, mothers who perceived a vulnerability to the diseases had a 60.6% compliance rate, suggesting that perception of vulnerability may be a useful predictor of immunization compliance.