Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides: Structure, Metabolism and Mechanisms of Action
作者:
FreudenbergM. A.,
GalanosC.,
期刊:
International Reviews of Immunology
(Taylor Available online 1990)
卷期:
Volume 6,
issue 4
页码: 207-221
ISSN:0883-0185
年代: 1990
DOI:10.3109/08830189009056632
出版商: Taylor&Francis
关键词: lipopolysaccharides;lipid A;metabolism;lethal toxicity
数据来源: Taylor
摘要:
Endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) are biologically active substances present in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. They induce a spectrum of biological effects which may be harmful or beneficiary for the host.Lipid A is the biologically active part of the LPS molecule. This was demonstrated using soluble forms of lipid A and more recently confirmed further by employing synthetic lipid A. LPS administered into experimental animals circulates as LPS/HDL complex and is cleared from the blood mainly into the liver and spleen. In the liver LPS undergoes partial deacylation however without a loss of toxic activity. Its excretion is effected mainly via the bile into the gut.The lethal toxicity and tolerance inducing properties of LPS are mediated by macrophages through tumor necrosis factorα(TNFα), which is probably the most important endogenous mediator of the lethal effects of LPS. The lethal toxicity of LPS may be completely inhibited by anti-TNFαantibodies.
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