&NA;Neurofibromatosis is the single most common genetic disease of the neurologic system. Because neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF‐1) is often diagnosed early in life, it is essential that health care providers deepen their understanding of this common genetic disorder. Children who meet particular criteria, as formulated by the National Institutes of Health, must be worked‐up for NF‐1 in order to initiate appropriate treatment implementation and evaluation. This article provides a review of the literature regarding the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and plan of treatment related to NF‐1, specifically as it affects children. Clear guidelines for health care providers in primary care are outlined.